先进复合材料在无人机上的应用

倪楠楠; 卞凯; 夏璐; 顾伟凯; 温月芳

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1005-5053.2018.000099

先进复合材料在无人机上的应用

doi: 10.11868/j.issn.1005-5053.2018.000099

1.
江苏三强复合材料有限公司，江苏常州 213127
2.
浙江大学，杭州 310013

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（50271016）

详细信息

通讯作者:
倪楠楠（1986—），男，博士，研究方向为碳纤维复合材料，（E-mail）15061141682@163.com

中图分类号: V45；TB332
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-09-14
- 修回日期: 2018-11-27
- 刊出日期: 2019-09-27

Application of advanced composite materials for UAV

1.
Jiangsu Sanqiang Composite Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213127, Jiangsu, China
2.
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013，China

摘要

摘要: 为满足未来无人机（unmanned aerial vehicle，UAV）的高空、长航时、强机动性、功能性、经济性等各种高性能需求，先进复合材料在国内外无人机上的应用愈加广泛；但我国无人机研制中采用复合材料的比例和技术水平较国外尚存在一定差距，复合材料制件成本是制约其应用的主要因素之一。本文介绍无人机在国内外发展的历程，概述复合材料在无人机上的应用，总结无人机复合材料的一些关键技术，提出了问题和建议并指出发展趋势。为了加快我国复合材料在无人机行业应用的步伐，应在引进国外自动化技术的同时，坚持以工艺可行性和稳定性为出发点进行复合材料的结构设计以降低复合材料结构成本，并积极发展各种液体成型技术、仅真空袋非热压罐材料（bag vacuum only-out of autoclave, BVO-OoA）材料和工艺以及对传统模压工艺进行改进研究。
- 无人机 /
- 先进复合材料 /
- 应用 /
- 成本
Abstract: In order to meet the needs of high-altitude, long-endurance, high mobility, functional and economic requirement for the future unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV), advanced composite materials have been increasingly applied in UAVs at home and abroad, and even many all-composite UAVs are manufactured. However, there are still some gaps in the proportion and technical level of composite materials used in UAVs in China compared with foreign countries. The cost of composite parts is one of the main factors restricting its application. This paper introduces the development process of UAV at home and abroad, and summarizes the application of composite materials on UAVs. Some key technologies and development trends of UAV composite materials are proposed. Some questions and suggestions are raised on the application of domestic composite materials on drones. For accelerating the application of composite materials in UAV industry in China, it is necessary to design the composite structure based on the process feasibility and stability with introducing foreign automation technology to reduce composite structure cost, actively develop various liquid forming technology, bag vacuum only-out of autoclave(BVO-OoA) materials and technology, and improve the traditional moulding technology research.
- unmanned aerial vehicles /
- advanced composites /
- application /
- cost

HTML全文

图 1 MQ-25型舰载隐身无人机“黄貂鱼”

Figure 1. MQ-25 type ship-borne stealth UAV “Stingray”

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 我国无人机的最新型号图片　（a）翔龙；（b）翼龙II；（c）翼龙I-D；（d）BZK-05；（e）云影；（f）彩虹5；（g）AV500战狼；（h） T333；（i）HA

Figure 2. The latest model of UAV in China　（a）Soar Dragon；（b）Wing Loong II；（c）Wing Loong I-D；（d）BZK-05；（e）Yunying；（f）Rainbow 5；（g） AV500 War Wolf；（h） T333；（i）HA

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 RQ-4“全球鹰”　（a）结构示意图；（b）复合材料机翼；（c）翼尖^[12-13]

Figure 3. RQ-4“Global Hawk ”　（a）structural schematic diagram；（b）composite wing；（c） wing tip

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 “捕食者”MQ-1　（a）材料分布示意图；（b）复合材料V尾^[14-15]

Figure 4. MQ-1 Predator　（a）Sketch map of material distribution；（b）composite V tail^[14-15]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 （a）X45A无人机和（b）X-47B机身结构验证测试^[13]

Figure 5. （a）X45A UAV and（b）X-47B fuselage structure verification test^[13]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 　HA无人机碳纤维复合材料垂尾　（a）和HA无人机碳纤维复合材料滑橇式起落架（b）

Figure 6. HA UAV CFRP vertical tail　（a）and HA UAV CFRP skid landing gear（b）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 美国 NASA的“赫利俄斯”太阳能全复合材料无人机

Figure 7. Solar powered all composite UAV, Helios, made by NASA

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 中国一飞院“启明星”太阳能全复合材料民用无人机

Figure 8. Solar powered composite civil UAV, Star, made by China First Flight Academy

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 意大利都灵工业大学研制的 HeliPlat高空长航时太阳能无人机机翼骨架^[21]

Figure 9. Wing structure of high altitude long endurance solar UAV, HeliPlat, developed by Italy Turin Industrial University^[21]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 哈佛大学苍蝇无人机^[22]

Figure 10. Harvard University fly UAV^[22]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 X-47A“天马”无人作战飞机^[1]

Figure 11. X-47A “Tian Ma”unmanned combat aircraft^[1]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 整体复合材料机翼盒段示意

Figure 12. Integral composite wing box section hint

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 典型VBO树脂体系及应用^[29]

Table 1. Typical VBO resin system and its application^[29]

Level	Resin brand	Supplier	Applied part	Characteristic
First generation	LTM10/45	Britain ACG	High speedX36 UAV with dark skin	The porosity is > 4%, the heat resistance and mechanical properties are not good. It is mainly used for the verification of secondary bearing structure of prototype
First generation	HX-1567	America Hexcel	—
Second generation	MTM44-1/45-1/46-1	Britain ACG	X34Airbus wingA350Aileron	The porosity is less than 1% during the storage period of 20-30 days at room temperature, and the mechanical properties of the composites after high temperature treatment are close to that of the hot-pressing tank process
	Cycom99/5215	America Cytec	Composite parts and moulds
	M34/35	America Hexcel	Body structure
	TC250	Netherland Tencate	—
	LT01/02/03	BIAM	Aircraft ventral fin, mold, UAV wing
	606/607/609	CASC 703	—
Third generation	MTM49	Britain ACG	COMCOPTER-10 fuselage skin	Medium/low temperature curing resin system （epoxy, cyanate ester, bismaleimide and benzoxazine etc.） room temperature storage period > 30 days, porosity < 1%, comprehensive mechanical properties reached the level of hot-pressing tank technology, high temperature, humidity and heat resistance, functionality further improved, some materials in the humid and hot environment the highest use temperature is 130 degree, the highest use temperature is31. 5 degree, mainly for engineering application of aeronautical and astronautical main load-bearing components and functional components.
	Cycom5320	America Cytec	Bombardier Learjet85 business aircraft head, fuselage, tail
	HexPly M56	America Hexcel	Wing body fairing of A320
	TC275	Netherland Tencate	Kestrel K-350Fully composite aircraft
	TC350-1	Netherland Tencate	A380 Panel test class
	2510	Japan Toray	Cirrus/EPIC Small plane
	Loctite Benzoxazine	German Henkel	Tail cone, auxiliary power door, leading edge panel and cowling fairing of C919.

下载: 导出CSV

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