Recent development in Titanium alloys with high strength and high elasticity
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摘要: 钛及钛合金是航空、航天和国防武器装备等领域重要的轻质结构材料。钛合金较低的弹性模量赋予其优良的弹性功能特性，被应用于航空航天等领域的紧固件和弹簧等元器件。目前常用的高强钛合金弹性模量较高，不能完全满足应用需求，强度和弹性性能匹配有待进一步提高。本文综述了高强度高弹性钛合金的发展现状以及新型合金的研发进展，从高强度高弹性钛合金的特点及存在的问题出发，提出基于电子理论的成分设计和β基体结构稳定性的组织调控方法，并简要介绍本课题组基于该方法进行的高强度高弹性钛合金的研究进展，最后展望了高强度高弹性钛合金的发展方向。Abstract: Titanium and titanium alloys are important lightweight structural materials in the fields of aviation, aerospace and defense weapons. The low elastic modulus of Ti alloy gives it excellent elastic function, and it is applied to fasteners, springs and other elastic components in aviation, aerospace and other industries. The currently used high-strength Ti alloys exhibit high Young’s modulus that can not fully meet the application requirements. The balance between high strength and high elastic property of conventional Ti alloys needs to be further improved.This paper reviews the current research and development of high strength and high elasticity Ti alloys. Based on the comprehensive understanding of high strength and high elasticity Ti alloys and the existing problems, the composition design method based on electronic theories and the structure design strategy based on phase stability of β-matrix of Ti alloys with high strength and high elasticity is proposed in this paper. The research progress of novel Ti alloys with high strength and high elasticity based on the proposed alloy design strategy is also briefly presented. Finally, the future research direction of Ti alloys with high strength and high elasticity is prospected.
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Key words:
- titanium alloys /
- strength /
- elasticity /
- compositional design /
- microstructure tailoring
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图 1 钛合金实现高强度和高弹性的途径
Figure 1. Schematic illustration of achieving high strength and high elasticity in Ti alloys
图 3 β相稳定性和弹性性能与
$\overline{{B_{\rm o}}} $ 和$\overline{{M_{\rm d}}} $ 的关系[30]（a）和合金元素M添加对Ti的$\overline{{B_{\rm o}}} $ 和$\overline{{M_{\rm d}}} $ 的影响关系图[34]（b）Figure 3. Relationship between β phase stability and elastic properties as function of
$\overline{{B_{\rm o}}} $ and$\overline{{M_{\rm d}}} $ [30]（a） and influence of element M addition on$\overline{{B}_{\rm o}} $ and$\overline{{M}_{\rm d}} $ of Ti-M binary alloys[34]（b）
图 4 Ti-15541合金 （a）β固溶水冷得到的微观组织；（b）α+β两相区热轧和退火处理得到的微观组织；（c）不同热处理状态拉伸曲线；（d）
$\overline{{B_{\rm o}}} $ 和$\overline{{M_{\rm d}}} $ 值Figure 4. Ti-15541 alloy （a）microstructure of alloy treated by β solution;（b）microstructure of the alloy treated by hot rolling and annealing;（c）tensile stress-strain curves under different heat treatment conditions;（d）positions in
$\overline{{B_{\rm o}}} $ -$\overline{{M_{\rm d}}} $ map
图 6 Ti-32Nb和Ti-32Nb-0.5O合金 （a）Ti-32Nb的微观组织；（b）Ti-32Nb-0.5O的微观组织；（c）XRD；（d）拉伸曲线
Figure 6. Ti-32Nb and Ti-32Nb-0.5O alloys（a）microstructure of Ti-32Nb alloy；（b）microstructure of Ti-32Nb-0.5O alloy；（c）XRD patterns；（d）tensile stress-strain curves
图 8 不同退火温度下Ti-15541合金的微观组织
Figure 8. Microstructures of Ti-15541 alloy annealed at various temperatures （a）750 ℃;（b）700 ℃;（c）650 ℃；（d）620 ℃
图 9 不同退火温度下Ti-15541合金 （a）拉伸应力-应变曲线；（b）力学性能
Figure 9. Ti-15541 alloy annealed at various temperatures （a）tensile stress-strain curves；（b）mechanical properties
图 10 Ti-38Nb-0.2O合金应力诱发马氏体相变临界应力（a）和位错滑移临界应力（b）与晶粒尺寸的关系
Figure 10. Changes of triggering stress for SIM （a） and slip （b） as a function of grain size in Ti-38Nb-0.2O alloy
表 1 部分含氧高强度高弹性钛合金的力学性能
Table 1. Summary of many oxygen-containing Ti alloys with high strength and high elasticity
Alloy E/GPa YS/MPa UTS/MPa δ/% （YS/E）/% Reference Ti-38Nb-0.14O 54 665 810 21 1.23 [61] Ti-23Nb-0.7Ta-2Zr-1.2O 55 ≈1150 1200 13 2.09 [16] Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn 48 ≈920 950 ≈15 1.92 [18] Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr-0.42O 75 840 900 17 1.12 [62] Ti-35Nb-2Ta-3Zr-0.70O 75 1050 1050 19 1.40 [59] Ti-35Nb-2Ta-3Zr-0.44O 45 880 940 5 1.94 [63] Ti-35.3Nb-5.7Ta-7.3Zr-0.7O 80 1017 1217 21 1.27 [64] Ti-30Nb-12Zr-0.50O 72 ≈950 995 18 1.32 [58] Ti-34Nb-2Ta-3Zr-0.5O 66 842 987 22 1.27 [65] Ti-23Nb-1Ta-2Hf-1.2O 64 ≈1020 1077 17 1.59 [41] Ti-34Nb-2Ta-0.5O 64 795 903 21 1.24 [65] Ti-7.5Mo-0.4O 67 771 1054 13 1.15 [66] Ti-15Mo-0.5O 87 1180 1180 10 1.36 [54] Ti-20V-0.28O 60 758 ≈820 30 1.26 [67] Ti-8Nb-2Fe-0.2O 74 976 1029 21 1.32 [19] E：Young’s modulus；YS：yield strength；UTS：ultimate tensile strength；δ：tensile elongation；YS/E：ratio of YS to E. 
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