Static compression and compression-compression fatigue properties of plain woven composite laminates
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摘要: 采用电液伺服疲劳试验机开展玻璃纤维平纹编织复合材料层合板的静态压缩和压-压疲劳性能实验。应力比为R=10，拟合出S-N曲线，基于疲劳实验过程中的刚度退化、能量耗散、循环蠕变与循环软化来表征疲劳损伤演化，结合扫描电子显微镜对断口形貌进行观察。结果表明：试件的条件疲劳极限为静态压缩强度的66.3%；通过双加权最小二乘法拟合的S-N曲线具有较高可信度；随着循环次数的增加，试件刚度逐渐下降，各峰值载荷下的能量耗散逐渐增加；在循环加载初期，试件表现出强烈循环蠕变现象，高峰值载荷作用下的试件表现出强烈循环软化行为；试件经过循环加载抵抗变形能力得到增强；断口观察到了基体开裂、纤维/基体界面脱粘、纤维断裂和分层四种失效模式；与疲劳断口相比，静态压缩断口表现出较大的分层损伤。Abstract: The static compression and compression-compression fatigue tests of glass fiber plain woven composite laminates were carried out on an electro-hydraulic servo fatigue testing machine. The stress ratio was R=10, and the S-N curve was fitted. The fatigue damage evolution was characterized by stiffness degradation, energy dissipation, cyclic creep and cyclic softening during fatigue tests. The fracture morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope. The results show that the conditioned fatigue limit is 66.3% of the static compressive strength. The S-N curve fitted by the double-weighted least square method has high reliability. With the increase of the number of cycles, the stiffness of the test piece decreases gradually, and the energy dissipation under each peak load increases gradually. At the initial stage of cyclic loading, the test pieces exhibit strong cyclic creep phenomenon, and the test pieces under the peak load exhibit strong cyclic softening behavior. The resistance to deformation of the test piece is enhanced after cyclic loading. Four failure modes including matrix cracking, fiber/matrix interface debonding, fiber fracture and delamination are observed. Compared with fatigue fracture, the static compression fracture shows larger delamination damage.
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Key words:
- composite /
- fatigue /
- S-N curve /
- stiffness degeneration /
- energy dissipation /
- fracture surface morphology
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图 2 试件失效模式 （a）静态压缩；（b）ASTM标准；（c）压-压疲劳
Figure 2. Failure modes of specimens （a）static compression；（b）ASTM standard；（c）compression-compression fatigue
图 4 玻璃纤维平纹编织复合材料层合板S-N曲线
Figure 4. S-N curve of glass fiber plain woven composite laminates
图 6 不同循环次数下迟滞回线示意图 （a）–10 kN峰值载荷；（b）–8.4 kN峰值载荷
Figure 6. Schematic diagram of hysteresis loops with different cycles （a）–10 kN peak load；（b）–8.4 kN peak load
图 7 不同峰值载荷作用下归一化疲劳刚度EN/E1与归一化疲劳寿命N/Nf的关系
Figure 7. Curves of EN/E1 （normalized fatigue stiffness） vs N/Nf （normalized fatigue life） under different peak loads
图 8 不同峰值载荷作用下试件在不同循环次数下的迟滞能量耗散
Figure 8. Hysteretic energy loss of test piece under different peak loads and different cycle numbers
图 9 不同峰值载荷作用下Δlav（第一次平均循环位移和当前平均循环位移的差值）与N/Nf（归一化疲劳寿命）的关系曲线
Figure 9. Curves of Δlav（difference between the first average cyclic displacement and the current average cyclic displacement）vs N/Nf （normalized fatigue life）under different peak loads
图 10 不同峰值载荷作用下试件同一循环最大循环位移与最小循环位移的差值Δl与初期循环寿命N的关系
Figure 10. Curves of Δl（difference between the maximum and minimum cyclic displacements of the same cycle）vs N（the initial cycle life）under different peak loads
图 13 静态压缩试件断口形貌 （a）纤维拉出；（b）、（c）纤维/基体脱粘；（d）纤维脱落；（e）基体开裂；（f）分层
Figure 13. Fracture morphologies of static compression test pieces （a）fiber pull-out；（b），（c）fiber/matrix debonding；（d）fiber peeling；（e）matrix cracking；（f）delamination
图 14 疲劳试件断口形貌 （a）纤维拉出；（b）纤维/基体脱粘、基体开裂；（c）纤维脱落；（d）松散的纤维；（e）、（f）分层
Figure 14. Fracture morphologies of fatigue test pieces （a）fiber pull-out；（b）fiber/matrix debonding，matrix cracking；（c）fiber peeling；（d）loose fibers；（e），（f）delamination
表 1 实验矩阵
Table 1. Experimental matrix
Test type Number Static compression 5 Compression-compression fatigue 27 
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表 2 静态压缩实验结果
Table 2. Static compression test results
Specimen number Maximum failure load，F/kN Average value，Fa/kN Compressive strength，σ/MPa Average value，
σa /MPaCoefficient of
variation /%J-1 –12.40 –12.88 –344.44 –357.83 2.7 J-2 –13.44 –373.33 J-3 –13.07 –363.06 J-4 –12.72 –353.33 J-5 –12.78 –355.00
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表 3 压-压疲劳实验结果
Table 3. Compression-compression fatigue test results
Specimen number Peak load/kN Peak stress, Smax /MPa Fatigue life, Nf/cycle Residual load/kN P-1 –8.7 –241.7 46883 P-2 –8.6 –238.9 11003 P-3 –8.5 –236.1 85899 P-4 –8.2 –227.8 1000000 –13.24 P-5 –8.4 –233.3 1000000 –13.34 P-6 –8.5 –236.1 1000000 –14.67 P-7 –8.6 –238.9 436963 P-8 –8.5 –236.1 1000000 –13.37 P-9 –8.6 –238.9 1000000 –14.76 P-10 –8.7 –241.7 131401 P-11 –8.6 –238.9 84573 P-12 –8.5 –236.1 67887 P-13 –8.4 –233.3 99539 P-14 –8.2 –227.8 1000000 –12.79 P-15 –8.4 –233.3 1000000 –15.04 P-16 –10 –277.8 3809 P-17 –10 –277.8 5627 P-18 –10 –277.8 166775 P-19 –9.5 –263.9 9975 P-20 –9.5 –263.9 26391 P-21 –9.5 –263.9 29979 P-22 –9.5 –263.9 54495 P-23 –9 –250.0 3231 P-24 –9 –250.0 3557 P-25 –9 –250.0 15118 P-26 –9 –250.0 365199 P-27 –9 –250.0 714239
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