Design, fabrication and properties of sandwich composites with metamaterial absorbers integrated
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摘要: 为了获得一种兼具吸波性能和一定力学承载性能的复合材料，将超材料吸波体与夹芯复合材料相结合。通过仿真设计出满足双频带、宽频带电磁波吸收的超材料吸波体，对其吸波性能进行表征。而后将双频带、宽频带超材料吸波体分别嵌入以玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料为上面板、聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺（PMI）泡沫为芯层、碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料为下面板的夹芯复合结构中，形成夹芯复合材料。对最终的夹芯复合材料进行吸波性能测试，结果表明：双频带夹芯复合材料在8.65 GHz和10.30 GHz下的电磁吸波率分别达到94.13%和99.99%，宽频带夹芯复合材料在8.25~11.61 GHz的频段范围内的电磁吸波率为90.02%~99.91%。弯曲性能测试结果显示，双频带夹芯复合材料的弯曲强度和模量分别为68.81 MPa和 7.72 GPa；宽频带夹芯复合材料的弯曲强度和模量分别为145.76 MPa和 9.13 GPa。断面形貌电镜照片显示，夹芯复合材料受到弯曲破坏后有局部小范围层间开裂现象，整体层间结合良好。Abstract: In order to achieve a kind of composite material with both wave absorbing property and certain mechanical load bearing function, the metamaterial absorbers and sandwich composite were combined. By simulation, the metamaterial absorbers satisfying dual-band and broadband electromagnetic wave absorption were designed, and the wave absorbing performances were characterized. The aforementioned metamaterial absorbers were then integrated into the sandwich composite, in which the glass fiber/epoxy composite was used as the top layer, the PMI foam was used as the core layer, and the carbon fiber/epoxy composite was used as the bottom layer. The measured electromagnetic wave absorbing performance of the final sandwich composites shows that the dual-band composite has the absorptivity of 94.13% and 99.99% at the frequency of 8.65 GHz and 10.30 GHz respectively, while the broadband composite has the absorptivity of 90.02%-99.91% at 8.25-11.61 GHz frequency range. The bending test results exhibit that the dual-band composite has the bending strength and modulus of 68.81 MPa and 7.72 GPa, and the broadband composite has the bending strength of 145.76 MPa and modulus of 9.13 GPa. The SEM photos of after-fracture cross sections show that a small area of delamination can be observed and the overall laminates bonding performance is good.
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图 1 双频带超材料的单元结构 （a）立体图；（b）平面图
Figure 1. Unit cell of dual-band metamaterial （a）three-dimensional view ；（b） plan view
图 2 宽频带超材料的单元结构 （a）立体图；（b）平面图
Figure 2. Unit cell of broadband metamaterial （a） three-dimensional view ；（b）plan view
图 4 超材料吸波体局部实物图 （a）双频带；（b）宽频带
Figure 4. Partial schematic diagram of metamaterial absorbers （a） dual-band ；（b）broadband
图 5 双频带超材料吸波体 （a）仿真归一化阻抗；（b）仿真与实测吸收率对比
Figure 5. Dual-band metamaterial absorber （a）simulated normalized impedance；（b）comparison of simulated and measured absorptivity
图 6 双频带超材料吸波体表面电场分布 （a）8.94 GHz；（b）10.48 GHz
Figure 6. Surface electric field distribution of dual-band metamaterial absorber （a）8.94 GHz；（b）10.48 GHz
图 7 双频带超材料吸波体顶层金属和中间介质层间的电场分布 （a）8.94 GHz；（b）10.48 GHz
Figure 7. Electric field distribution between the top metal and the intermediate dielectric layer of dual-band metamaterial absorber （a） 8.94 GHz ；（b）10.48 GHz
图 8 双频带超材料吸波体表面电流分布 （a）8.94 GHz；（b）10.48 GHz（黑色箭头代表表面金属图案电流走向，白色箭头代表金属背板电流走向）
Figure 8. Surface current distribution of dual-band metamaterial absorber at frequency of （a） 8.94 GHz ；（b）10.48 GHz （The black arrow represents current trend of surface metal pattern, and the white arrow represents current trend of metal backplane.）
图 10 宽频带超材料吸波体 （a）仿真归一化阻抗；（b）仿真与实测吸收率
Figure 10. Broadband metamaterial absorber （a）simulated normalized impedance；（b）comparison of simulated and measured absorptivity
图 11 宽频带超材料吸波体表面电场分布 （a）9.30 GHz；（b）13.82 GHz
Figure 11. Surface electric field distribution of broadband metamaterial absorber（a） 9.30 GHz；（b） 13.82 GHz
图 12 宽频带超材料吸波体顶层金属和中间介质层间的电场分布 （a）9.30 GHz；（b）13.82 GHz
Figure 12. Electric field distribution between the top metal and the intermediate dielectric layer of broadband metamaterial absorber（a） 9.30 GHz ；（b） 13.82 GHz
图 13 宽频带超材料吸波体表面电流分布 （a）9.30 GHz；（b）13.82 GHz（黑色箭头代表表面金属图案电流走向，白色箭头代表金属背板电流走向）
Figure 13. Surface current distribution of broadband metamaterial absorber （a） 9.30 GHz；（b）13.82 GHz （The black arrow represents current trend of surface metal pattern, and the white arrow represents current trend of metal backplane.）
图 15 D-composite和B-composite弯曲性能 （a）弯曲强度；（b）弯曲模量（柱状图中a，b表示显著水平α=0.05）
Figure 15. Bending properties of D-composite and B-composite （a）bending strength ；（b） bending modulus (a and b in the histogram indicate the significant level α=0.05)
图 16 弯曲断裂截面电镜图 （a）、（b）双频带；（c）、（d）宽频带
Figure 16. SEM images of bending fracture sections （a），（b）dual-band ；（c），（d） broadband
表 1 夹芯复合材料的尺寸
Table 1. Sandwich composite size
Sample h1/mm h2/mm h3/mm h4/mm h5/mm D-composite 0.3 1 0.67 1 0.4 B-composite 0.3 1 3.07 1 0.4 
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