难熔高熵合金成分设计微观组织及性能研究进展

武俊霞; 李培友; 董洪峰; 刘亚玲; 张薇; 王琳; 王永善

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1005-5053.2021.000205

难熔高熵合金成分设计微观组织及性能研究进展

doi: 10.11868/j.issn.1005-5053.2021.000205

陕西理工大学材料科学与工程学院，陕西汉中 723001

基金项目: 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划青年项目（2020JQ-870）；陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目（20JK0563）

详细信息

通讯作者:
李培友（1977—），男，博士，主要从事高熵合金、非晶合金和生物医用Ti合金的研究工作，联系地址：陕西省汉中市汉台区陕西理工大学南区材料科学与工程学院（723001），E-mail：lipeiyou112@163.com

中图分类号: TG146.4
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-03
- 录用日期: 2022-09-12
- 修回日期: 2022-10-16
- 刊出日期: 2022-12-02

Research progress in composition design, microstructure and properties of refractory high entropy alloys

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, Shaanxi，China

摘要

摘要: 高熵合金被定义为含有4种或4种以上主要元素的合金，主要元素的原子分数大于5%且不超过35%，具有高强度、高耐磨性、高耐腐蚀性等优异的性能。难熔高熵合金是基于难熔元素的高熵合金而设计开发的一种新型高温合金，其在航空航天、石油化工等领域具有广阔的应用前景，有望取代传统的高温合金。本文综述了难熔高熵合金一般是从元素选择和添加微量的元素等方面进行成分设计，其相组成有单相组织和双相组织等结构，研究了难熔高熵合金的制备方法和性能特点，并且在文章最后指出了难熔高熵合金目前所面临的问题与挑战。希望通过本文综述，可以为科研工作者在难熔高熵合金的组分设计，微观组织调控以及性能开发等方面提供有价值的参考。
- 难熔高熵合金 /
- 成分设计 /
- 微观组织 /
- 力学性能
Abstract: High entropy alloy is defined as an alloy containing four or more main elements. The atomic fraction of the main elements is greater than 5% and not more than 35%, which has excellent properties such as high strength, high wear resistance and high corrosion resistance. Refractory high-entropy alloy is a new type of superalloy designed and developed based on high-entropy alloy of refractory elements, which has broad application prospects in aerospace, petrochemical and other fields, and is expected to replace traditional superalloys. This paper reviews the composition design of refractory high-entropy alloys from the aspects of element selection and addition of trace elements, and its phase composition has single-phase structure and duplex structure, and the preparation method and performance characteristics of refractory high-entropy alloys are studied, and finally gives the problems and challenges faced by refractory high entropy alloys. This review provides a valuable reference for researchers in the component design, microstructure regulation and performance development of refractory high entropy alloys.
- refractory high entropy alloy /
- composition design /
- microstructure /
- mechanical properties

HTML全文

图 1 Nb₂₅Mo₂₅Ta₂₅W₂₅和V₂₀Nb₂₀Mo₂₀Ta₂₀W₂₀难熔高熵合金以及Inconel 718和Haynes 230两种高温合金屈服强度与温度之间的关系^[4]

Figure 1. Temperature dependence of the yield stress of Nb₂₅Mo₂₅Ta₂₅W₂₅ and V₂₀Nb₂₀Mo₂₀Ta₂₀W₂₀ RHEAs and two superalloys, Inconel 718 and Haynes 230^[4]

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表 1 难熔高熵合金元素的混合焓^[19]

Table 1. Enthalpy of mixing of metal elements of refractory high entropy alloys^[19]

Elements	Enthalpy of mixing/(kJ·mol⁻¹)
Elements	Ti	Zr	Hf	Nb	Mo	Ta	W	V	Al	Cr
Ti	0	0	0	2	−4	1	−6	−2	−30	−7
Zr	0	0	0	4	−6	3	−9	−2	−44	−12
Hf	0	0	0	4	−4	3	−6	−2	−39	−9
Nb	2	4	4	0	−6	0	−8	−1	−18	−7
Mo	−4	−6	−4	−6	0	−5	0	0	−5	0
Ta	1	3	3	0	−5	0	−7	−1	−19	−7
W	−6	−9	−6	−8	0	−7	0	−1	−2	1
V	−2	−2	−2	−1	0	−1	−1	0	−16	−2
Al	−30	−44	−39	−18	−5	−19	−2	−16	0	0
Cr	−7	−12	−9	−7	0	−7	1	−2	−10	0

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表 2 几种金属元素的密度ρ、熔点T_l和原子半径r

Table 2. Density ρ, melting point T₁ and atomic radius r of several metal elements

Element	ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	T_l/℃	r/nm	T_l/ρ/(℃·g⁻¹·cm³)
Ti	4.056	1668	0.2	411.2
Zr	6.49	1852	0.216	285.4
Hf	13.31	2227	0.159	167.3
Nb	8.57	2468	0.208	288.0
Mo	10.23	2620	0.139	256.1
Ta	16.65	2996	0.209	179.9
W	19.35	3410	0.14	176.2
V	5.96	1890	0.132	317.1
Al	2.7	660	0.143	244.4
Cr	7.19	1970	0.128	274.0

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表 3 难熔高熵合金的微观组织和力学性能

Table 3. Mechanical properties of some refractory high entropy alloys

Alloys	Phases	ρ/（g·cm³）	σ_0.2/MPa	σ_k/MPa	ε_p/%	Ref.
NbMoTaW	BCC	—	1058	1211	1.5	[4]
NbMoTaW	BCC	—	405（1600 ℃）	600（1600 ℃）	>25	[4]
NbMoTaWV	BCC	—	1246	1087	0.5	[4]
NbMoTaWV	BCC	—	477（1600 ℃）	—	0.95	[4]
HfMoTaTiZr	BCC	10.21	1600	—	4	[5]
HfMoTaTiZr	BCC	10.21	404（1200 ℃）	—	>30	[5]
WMoVCrTa	BCC	11.52	—	995	6.2	[18]
TaNbHfZrTi	BCC	9.94	929	—	>50	[6]
HfMoNbTaTiZr	BCC	9.95	556（1200 ℃）	—	>30	[5]
HfMoNbTaTiZr	BCC	9.95	1512	—	12	[5]
Nb₄₂Mo₂₀Ti₁₃Cr₁₂V₁₂Ta₁	BCC	8.02	2680	3896	5.2	[21]
Ti_0.5MoNbTaV	BCC	9.99	2563	2723	8.6	[46]
Ti₁MoNbTaV	BCC	9.45	2280	3238	24.9	[46]
Al₀CrNbVMo	BCC	8.03	2743	—	9.9	[22]
Al_0.5CrNbVMo	BCC	7.75	2497	—	13.5	[22]
Al_1.0CrNbVMo	BCC	7.05	2326	—	18.1	[22]
Al₀CrNbVMo	BCC	8.03	1513（1000 ℃）	—	16.4	[22]
Al_0.5CrNbVMo	BCC	7.75	1178（1000 ℃）	—	27.4	[22]
Al_1.0CrNbVMo	BCC	7.05	1085（1000 ℃）	—	>30	[22]
Al₁₀Ti₄₀V₂₀Nb₂₀Mo₁₀	BCC	6.10	900	—	—	[50]
Al₁₀Ti₄₀V₂₀Nb₂₀Mo₁₀	BCC	6.10	520（800 ℃）	—	—	[50]
Al₁₅Ti₃₅V₂₀Nb₂₀Mo₁₀	BCC	6.03	971	—	—	[50]
Al₁₅Ti₃₅V₂₀Nb₂₀Mo₁₀	BCC	6.03	550（800 ℃）	—	—	[50]
Al₂₀Ti₃₀V₂₀Nb₂₀Mo₁₀	BCC	5.88	1187	—	—	[50]
Al₂₀Ti₃₀V₂₀Nb₂₀Mo₁₀	BCC	5.88	624（800 ℃）	—	—	[50]
Al₀HfNbTiZr	BCC	8.56	706	—	>60	[73]
Al_0.5HfNbTiZr	BCC	7.71	1120	—	>60	[73]
Al_0.75HfNbTiZr	BCC	7.43	1331	2771	51	[73]
Al_1.0HfNbTiZr	BCC	7.21	1582	2184	33	[73]
Al_1.25HfNbTiZr	BCC	7.05	1620	1754	17	[73]
Al_1.5HfNbTiZr	BCC	6.86	1746	1864	11	[73]
Al₀MoNbTaTiV	BCC	9.33	1227.9	2066	30	[49]
Al_0.2MoNbTaTiV	BCC	9.12	1292	1791	16	[49]
Al_0.4MoNbTaTiV	BCC	8.98	1332.2	1776	13	[49]
Al_0.6MoNbTaTiV	BCC	8.79	1352.9	1868	21	[49]
Al₁MoNbTaTiV	BCC	8.15	1391.2	1436	9	[49]
ZrTiHfNb_0.5Ta_0.5O_0.05	BCC	—	955	—	>50	[73]
ZrTiHfNb_0.5Ta_0.5O_0.05	BCC	—	327（800 ℃）	—	>50	[73]
ZrTiHfNb_0.5Ta_0.5O_0.1	BCC	—	1097	—	>50	[73]
ZrTiHfNb_0.5Ta_0.5O_0.1	BCC	—	380（800 ℃）	—	>50	[73]
ZrTiHfNb_0.5Ta_0.5O_0.2	BCC	—	1393	—	8.2	[73]
ZrTiHfNb_0.5Ta_0.5O_0.2	BCC	—	537（800 ℃）	—	>50	[73]
AlNb₂TiV	B2	6.19	1043	—	—	[12]
TiZrNbMoTa(1300 ℃ SPS)	BCC+FCC	8.43	—	3612	10.4	[16]
TiZrNbMoTa(1400 ℃ SPS)	BCC+FCC	8.68	—	3759	12.1	[16]
TiZrNbMoTa(1600 ℃ SPS)	BCC+FCC	8.76	—	3453	—	[16]
NbMoTaTi_0.5Ni_0.5	BCC+FCC	—	1750	2278	15	[17]
NbMoTaTi_0.5Ni_0.5	BCC+FCC	—	1279（600 ℃）	670（600 ℃）	28.42	[17]
NbMoTaTi_0.5Ni_0.5	BCC+FCC	—	757（800 ℃）	1034（800 ℃）	28	[17]
NbMoTaTi_0.5Ni_0.5	BCC+FCC	—	555（1000 ℃）	650（1000 ℃）	11	[17]
Ti_1.5MoNbTaV	BCC+FCC	9.08	2696	3034	10.8	[46]
Ti₂MoNbTaV	BCC+FCC	8.75	2824	3137	7.9	[46]
Al_0.2MoNbTaTiW/MC	BCC+FCC	10.7	—	1805	—	[65]
(NbTaTiV) /Ti-C-O	BCC+FCC	—	1760	2270	11	[67]
(NbTaTiV) /Ti-C-O	BCC+FCC	—	685（1000 ℃）	—	—	[67]
HfNbTaTiZr	BCC+HCP	9.91	1597	—	—	[15]
HfNbTaTiZr	BCC+HCP	9.91	356（1200 ℃）	—	—	[15]
Cr_0.3Hf_0.5Mo_0.5NbTiZr	BCC+Laves	—	1176	1538	14.61	[47]
NbMoTaWVCr(1400℃ SPS)	BCC+Laves	11.23	—	4422	—	[70]
NbMoTaWVCr(1500℃ SPS)	BCC+Laves	11.16	3416	3834	5.3	[70]
NbMoTaWVCr(1600℃ SPS)	BCC+Laves	11.06	3658	3685	2	[70]
NbMoTaWVCr(1700℃ SPS)	BCC+Laves	11.02	3538	3538	1.9	[70]
Al₂₀Cr₁₀Nb₁₅Ti₂₀V₂₅Zr₁₀	B2+Laves	5.55	1535	1000	0.6	[71]
Al₂₀Cr₁₀Nb₁₅Ti₂₀V₂₅Zr₁₀	B2+Laves	5.55	1000（800 ℃）	—	—	[71]
CrNbTiZrAl_0.25	BCC+Laves	5.85	—	1245	8.85	[25]
TiZrNbTaN_0.3	BCC	—	1115	1152	13.2	[74]
TiZrNbTa N_0.6	BCC	—	1196	1270	14.7	[74]
TiZrNbTa N_0.9	BCC	—	1242	—	17.5	[74]
(NbMoTiVSi_0.2)_100-xLa₀	BCC+M₅Si₃+MSi₂	—	1766	2091	16.47	[26]
(NbMoTiVSi_0.2)_100-xLa_0.1	BCC+M₅Si₃+MSi₂	—	1868	2120	14.03	[26]
(NbMoTiVSi_0.2)_100-xLa_0.2	BCC+M₅Si₃+MSi₂	—	1814	2122	15.34	[26]
(NbMoTiVSi_0.2)_100-xLa_0.3	BCC+M₅Si₃+MSi₂	—	1839	2130	16	[26]
(NbMoTiVSi_0.2)_100-xLa_0.4	BCC+M₅Si₃+MSi₂	—	1828	2085	12.83	[26]
(NbMoTiVSi_0.2)_100-xLa_0.5	BCC+M₅Si₃+MSi₂	—	1929	2157	15.28	[26]
(NbMoTiVSi_0.2)₉₅La₅	BCC+M₅Si₃+MSi₂	—	1929	2157	—	[26]
Hf_0.5Mo_0.5NbTiZrB_0.1	BCC+MB₂	—	1562	2006	24	[27]
Hf_0.5Mo_0.5NbTiZrB_0.3	BCC+MB₂	—	1464	2038	27	[27]
Hf_0.5Mo_0.5NbTiZrB_0.7	BCC+MB₂	—	1552	1957	14	[27]
Hf_0.5Mo_0.5NbTiZrB_0.9	BCC+MB₂	—	1851	2181	12	[27]

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