Experimental study on residual compression mechanical properties after low-speed impact for laminated stitched carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite
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摘要: 以铝合金ZL301为基体，碳纤维叠层缝合织物为增强体，采用真空压力浸渗工艺制备叠层缝合碳纤维增强铝基（叠层缝合Cf/Al）复合材料。通过室温落锤冲击实验，研究冲击载荷及能量随时间的变化行为规律，采用光学显微镜和工业数字X射线成像系统观测其冲击损伤形貌，分析冲击损伤机理。通过冲击后压缩（CAI）实验，研究复合材料在不同冲击能量下沿经纱方向的剩余强度，观察压缩试样宏观与微观断口形貌，分析压缩失效机制。结果表明：冲击载荷作用下叠层缝合Cf/Al复合材料发生了显著的局部损伤，正面损伤区域出现了较明显的凹坑，而其背面出现明显的沿经向的裂纹，裂纹长度随冲击能量增加而增大，损伤模式主要表现为基体开裂和纤维断裂拔出；冲击后的经向压缩强度随冲击能量的增大而下降，压缩后的复合材料出现了从冲击裂纹端部沿纬纱方向扩展到试样边缘的横向裂纹，压缩宏观断口中纱线结构破坏严重程度随冲击能量的增加而加重，而压缩后的微观断口均呈现出纤维剪切断裂后参差不齐的形貌。Abstract: Using aluminum alloy ZL301 as matrix and carbon fiber laminated suture fabric as reinforcement, carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix (Cf/Al) composites with laminated stitch were prepared by vacuum pressure infiltration process. Through the drop hammer impact test at room temperature, the behavior of impact load and energy change with time was studied. The impact damage morphology was observed by optical microscope and industrial digital X-ray imaging system, and the impact damage mechanism was analyzed. Through the post impact compression (CAI) experiment, the residual strength of the composite along the warp direction under different impact energy was studied, the macro and micro fracture morphologies of the compressed sample were observed, and the compression failure mechanism was analyzed. The results show that the laminated stitched Cf/Al composites have significant local damage under impact load, with obvious pits appeared in the front damage area, and obvious meridional cracks appeared on the back. The crack length increases with the increase of impact energy. The main damage modes are matrix cracking and fiber fracture pulling out. The meridional compressive strength after impact decreases with the increase of impact energy. The compressed composites have transverse cracks extending from the end of the impact crack along the weft direction to the edge of the sample. The severity of yarn structure damage in the macro fracture of compression increases with the increase of impact energy, The micro fractures after compression show uneven morphology after fiber shear fracture.
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Key words:
- laminated stitch /
- Cf/Al composites /
- low-speed impact /
- compressive after impact /
- failure mechanism
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图 4 不同能量冲击后试样的正反面损伤形貌及DR成像 （a）冲击能量15 J；（b）冲击能量23 J；（c）冲击能量30 J；（1）冲击面；（2）反面；（3）DR图像；
Figure 4. Front and back damage macrographs and DR images of specimens after impact with different energy levels （a）impact energy 15 J；（b）impact energy 23 J；（c）impact energy 30 J；（1）impact surface；（2）back side；（3）DR image；
图 5 不同冲击能量下试样的时间-载荷/能量曲线与位移-载荷曲线 （a）时间-载荷曲线；（b）时间-能量曲线；（c）位移-载荷曲线
Figure 5. Time-load/energy curves and displacement-load curves of specimens under different impact energy levels （a）time-load curves；（b）time-energy curves；（c）displacement-load curves
图 6 不同冲击能量下叠层缝合Cf/Al复合材料的剩余压缩强度
Figure 6. Residual compressive strength of Cf/Al composites with laminated stitch under different impact energy levels
图 7 叠层缝合Cf/Al复合材料CAI实验后的破坏形貌示意图 （a）冲击能量15 J；（b）冲击能量23 J；（c）冲击能量30 J
Figure 7. Failure morphology diagrams of Cf/Al composites with laminated stitch after CAI tests （a）impact energy 15 J；（b）impact energy 23 J；（c）impact energy 30 J
图 8 叠层缝合Cf/Al复合材料CAI破坏形貌及局部放大图 （a）冲击能量15 J；（b）冲击能量23 J；（c）冲击能量30 J
Figure 8. CAI failure morphologies and local enlarged drawings of Cf/Al composites with laminated stitch （a）Impact energy 15 J；（b）Impact energy 23 J；（c）Impact energy 30 J
图 9 叠层缝合Cf/Al复合材料CAI断口微观形貌 （a）冲击能量15 J；（b）冲击能量23 J；（c）冲击能量30 J；（1）低倍；（2）高倍
Figure 9. Micro morphologies of CAI fracture of Cf/Al composites with laminated stitch （a）impact energy 15 J；（b）impact energy 23 J；（c）impact energy 30 J；（1）low power；（2）high power
图 10 不同冲击能量下叠层缝合Cf/Al复合材料的CAI位移-载荷曲线
Figure 10. CAI displacement-load curves of Cf/Al composites with laminated stitch under different energy levels
表 1 叠层缝合编织工艺参数
Table 1. Technological parameters of laminated stitching and knitting
Raw material Size of
fabric/mmYarn specification Suture spacing/
mmDensity of fabric/
(g·cm−3)Volume fraction/
%M40JB-6000-50B 220×190×5.5 Warp yarns：6K×2 yarns
Weft yarns：6K×1 yarns3×3 0.92 50 
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表 2 M40J碳纤维的性能参数
Table 2. Property parameters of M40J carbon fibers
Average
diameter/μmTensile
strength/MPaYoung’s
modulus/GPaDensity/
(g·cm−3)5 4410 377 1.77
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表 3 ZL301合金成分（质量分数/%）
Table 3. Composition of ZL301 alloy (mass fraction/%)
Mg Si Mn Ti Zn Cu Al 9.5-11.0 0.3 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.1 Bal
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