Surface performance of TC4 alloy repaired by laser cladding under different scanning speeds
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摘要: 在当前的航空产业中，激光熔覆是一种理想的TC4合金部件修复和表面处理技术，在工艺方面具有优于传统金属修复技术的优势。本工作在功率2 kW下，通过不同的激光扫描速度，对合金试件表面进行激光熔覆修复加工，检测分析修复后表面的金相组织变化、电化学腐蚀性能和力学性能变化。结果表明：在激光修复过程中发生了显著的显微形貌变化；激光扫描速度为150 mm/min的修复表面耐腐蚀性能最佳； 200 mm/min的修复表面显微硬度和耐磨性能最佳。Abstract: In the current aviation industry, laser melting is an ideal technique for repairing and surface treatment of TC4 alloy parts, which has advantages over traditional metal repair techniques in terms of process. In this work, laser melting repair processes were performed on the surface of alloy specimens by different laser scanning speeds at a power of 2 kW, and the changes in metallographic organization, electrochemical corrosion properties and mechanical properties of the repaired surfaces were detected and analyzed. The results show that the significant microstructural changes are occurred during the laser repair process. The best corrosion resistance of the repaired surface is achieved at a laser scanning speed of 150 mm/min. The best microhardness and wear resistance of the repaired surface are achieved at 200 mm/min.
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Key words:
- laser cladding /
- metal surface repair /
- TC4 alloy /
- surface properties
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图 1 不同的扫描速度激光熔覆层宏观形貌 （a）100 mm/min；（b）150 mm/min；（c）200 mm/min；（d）300 mm/min
Figure 1. Macro morphologies of specimens repaired by laser cladding at various scanning speeds （a）100 mm/min；（b）150 mm/min；（c）200 mm/min；（d）300 mm/min
图 2 不同的扫描速度激光熔覆层截面金相宏观形貌 （a）100 mm/min；（b）150 mm/min；（c）200 mm/min；（d）300 mm/min
Figure 2. Cross-section metallographic macroscopic morphologies of specimens repaired by laser cladding at various scanning speeds （a）100 mm/min；（b）150 mm/min；（c）200 mm/min；（d）300 mm/min
图 3 不同扫描速度激光熔覆层显微组织形貌 （a）100 mm/min；（b）150 mm/min；（c）200 mm/min；（d）300 mm/min；（1）熔覆层顶部；（2）熔覆层中部；（3）热影响区
Figure 3. Microstructures of laser cladding layers with different scanning speeds （a）100 mm/min；（b）150 mm/min；（c）200 mm/min；（d）300 mm/min；(1) top of the cladding layer；(2) middle of the cladding layer； (3) heat-affected zone
图 4 不同扫描速度激光熔覆层XRD分析结果
Figure 4. Results of XRD analysis of laser cladding with different scanning speeds
图 5 熔覆层底部和热影响区交界位置Ti/Al相对含量沿扫描距离的变化
Figure 5. Variation of Ti/Al relative content at the bottom of the clad layer and at the junction of the heat affected zone along the scanning distance
图 6 扫描速度300 mm/min样品元素分布 （a） Ti元素分布；（b）对应（a）图绿色区域Al元素分布
Figure 6. Element distribution of sample prepared at scanning speed of 300 mm/min （a） Ti element distribution; （b）distribution of Al element corresponding to the green area of Fig. (a)
图 7 不同扫描速度激光熔覆层Nyquist图
Figure 7. Nyquist diagram of laser cladding layers with different scanning speeds
图 8 不同扫描速度激光熔覆层的Bode图 （a）阻值图；（b）相位角图
Figure 8. Bode diagrams of laser fused cladding layers with different scanning speeds (a) resistance diagram; (b) phase angle diagram
图 9 不同扫描速度激光熔覆层极化曲线
Figure 9. Polarization curves of laser cladding layers with different scanning speeds
图 10 不同扫描速度激光熔覆层不同表面距离下的维氏显微硬度
Figure 10. Vickers microhardness of laser cladding layers at different surface distances with different scanning speeds
图 11 不同扫描速度激光熔覆层摩擦系数及对应摩痕轮廓
Figure 11. Friction coefficients of laser cladding layers with different scanning speeds and corresponding friction trace profiles
表 1 TC4钛合金基体和熔覆粉末元素成分（质量分数/%）
Table 1. Composition of TC4 titanium alloy matrix and cladding powder (mass fraction/%)
Fe C N H O Al V Ti ≤0.3 ≤0.1 ≤0.05 ≤0.015 ≤0.2 5.5-6.8 3.5-4.5 Bal 
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表 2 扫描伏安曲线测量结果
Table 2. Scanning voltammetry curve measurement results
Scanning speed/(mm·min−1) Ecorr / V Icorr / A Corrosion rate/(mm·year−1) Polarization resistance / Ω 100 −0.1957 1.3077×10−6 0.015195 22093 150 −0.1339 5.8413×10−7 0.006788 67556 200 −0.1718 1.6312×10−6 0.018954 16215 300 −0.1683 7.1979×10−7 0.008364 40113
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表 3 不同扫描速度激光熔覆层磨痕测量结果
Table 3. Abrasion measurement results of laser cladding layers with different scanning speeds
Scanning speed（mm·min−1） Depth of friction / mm Width of friction/ mm Volume of friction/ mm3 Mass of friction / g 100 0.0311 0.836 0.84742 0.003754 150 0.0382 0.911 0.70763 0.003135 200 0.0251 0.567 0.38624 0.001711 300 0.3935 0.985 0.91691 0.004062 （Substrate） 0.0446 1.146 1.00278 0.004442
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