Research progress on preparation technology and strengthening mechanism of graphene reinforced aluminum matrix composites
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摘要: 具有二维平面结构和优异综合性能的石墨烯已成为铝基复合材料制备的理想增强体之一。本文主要介绍了液态成形法、粉末成形法和复合加工工艺等三大类石墨烯增强铝基复合材料制备技术。通过对不同类型制备技术的原理分析，结合石墨烯增强铝基复合材料的四种强化机制，总结出石墨烯增强铝基复合材料的发展方向应以复合材料的基础理论研究、制备技术的突破和大规模的工业化应用为主。Abstract: Graphene has become one of the ideal reinforcers for aluminum matrix composites due to its unique structural characteristics and excellent properties. This paper mainly introduces the preparation technology of three categories of graphene-reinforced aluminum matrix composites, including the liquid forming method, powder forming method and composite processing technology, and so on. Base on analyzing the principle of different types of preparation technology, combined with four strengthening mechanisms of graphene-reinforced aluminum matrix composites, the development trend of graphene reinforced aluminum matrix composites is prospected, including the basic theoretical research, the breakthrough of preparation technology and large-scale industrial application of composites.
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图 4 石墨烯铝基复合材料的载荷传递机制[48] (a) 石墨烯在复合材料中随机分布； (b) 外载荷下基体产生变形，石墨烯产生旋转；(c) 石墨烯产生变形和拉长；(d) 石墨烯断裂
Figure 4. Load transfer mechanisms of graphene-aluminum matrix composite [48] (a) initial composite material with randomly distributed graphene；(b) matrix deforms and graphene rotates after being stressed；(c) graphene deforms and elongates；(d) graphene breaks
表 1 各类加工方法的优缺点[22,24-28,32-36,39,43-44]
Table 1. Advantages and disadvantages of various processing methods[22,24-28,32-36,39,43-44]
Type of processing Method of processing Advantage Disadvantage Liquid forming method Squeeze casting process [25-27]；
stir casting process [28]
；3D printing [32-33]The device is simple and it is easy to operate, it has high production efficiency and is easy to realize mass production The graphene aluminum matrix composite has low density and is prone to generate pores and needle phase Al4C3, the graphene is easy to agglomerate Power forming method Hot isostatic pressing；hot extrusion processing [22,24,34-36] The preparation process is simple, the cost is low, and graphene can be uniformly dispersed in the metal matrix The structure of graphene is easy to be damaged, the graphene aluminum matrix composite has low density and porosity, the brittle phase Al4C3 is prone to be generated if the process is not properly controlled Composite processing method ((liquid forming) + multiple plastic deformation) Rolling[39]
；accumulative roll bonding[43]
；casting + rolling + accumulative roll bonding[44]The graphene aluminum matrix composite has uniform structure, fine grains，low porosity and high production efficiency The technology is very complex 
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