Effect of brazing temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of GH4169/AgCuTi+W/Si3N4 joint
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摘要: 采用高纯度W箔中间层复合AgCuTi活性钎料对镍基高温合金（GH4169）与Si3N4陶瓷进行连接，系统研究接头的微观界面结构以及钎焊温度对GH4169/Si3N4钎焊接头组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：采用AgCuTi+W复合钎料可实现GH4169/Si3N4钎焊接头的有效连接，其接头组织成分为GH4169/TiNi3+TiCu+TiCu2+Ag(s, s)+Cu(s, s)+W+TiN+Ti5Si3/Si3N4；钎焊温度对接头组织和力学性能有显著影响。当钎焊温度较低时，液态钎料中的Ti元素扩散到陶瓷与钎料界面的较少，没有形成明显的反应层；当钎焊温度增加到880 ℃时，Ti元素富集在陶瓷侧反应生成厚度为2 μm的TiN和Ti5Si3反应层，此时接头的剪切强度最高，达到190.9 MPa。随着钎焊温度的升高，脆性化合物增多，使接头的力学性能大幅降低；断口结果表明在剪切过程中，裂纹在中间层萌生，后扩散至Si3N4陶瓷基体内，最终在Si3N4母材内发生断裂。Abstract: Nickel-based superalloy (GH4169) and Si3N4 ceramics were connected by AgCuTi composite active filler and high purity W foil which acts as interlayer. The effects of temperature on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of GH4169/ Si3N4 brazed joint were systematically studied. The results show that the effective connection of GH4169/Si3N4 brazed joint can be realized by using AgCuTi+W composite filler. The microstructure of the joint is GH4169/TiNi3+TiCu+TiCu2+Ag(s, s)+Cu(s, s)+W+TiN+Ti5Si3/Si3N4. When the brazing temperature is low, the Ti element in liquid filler diffuses to less of the ceramic interface with the filler, and no obvious reaction layer is formed; when the brazed temperature increases to 880 ℃, Ti is enriched on the ceramic side, forming a thickness of 2 μm TiN and Ti5Si3 reaction layer. At this time, the shear strength of the joint is the highest, reaching 190.9 MPa. With the increase in brazing temperature, the content of Ti-Cu compound, which is a brittle compound, increases and the mechanical properties of the joint are greatly reduced. The fracture results show that during the shear process, the crack initiates in the interlayer, and then diffuses into the Si3N4 ceramic matrix, and finally breaks on the side of Si3N4 ceramic.
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Key words:
- nickel-base superalloy /
- Si3N4 ceramics /
- brazing /
- microstructure /
- mechanical property
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图 2 AgCuTi粉末钎料+W钎焊GH4169/Si3N4陶瓷摆放示意图
Figure 2. Assembly schematic of GH4169/Si3N4 brazing with AgCuTi braze and W foil
图 4 GH4169/Si3N4陶瓷的接头形貌图(880 ℃，15 min) （a）钎缝整体；（b）GH4169侧；（c）Si3N4侧
Figure 4. Microstructure of the GH4169/Si3N4 joint brazed at 880 ℃ for 15 min （a） entire joint；（b）GH4169 side；（c）Si3N4 side
图 5 GH4169/Si3N4接头的XRD图(880 ℃，15 min)
Figure 5. XRD pattern of GH4169/Si3N4 joint brazed at 880 ℃ for 15 min
图 6 GH4169/Si3N4接头元素面扫结果(880 ℃，15 min) （a）SEM 图片；（b）~（i）EDS
Figure 6. Element distribution maps of GH4169/Si3N4 joint brazed at 880 ℃ for 15 min （a）SEM image；（b）-（i）EDS
图 7 不同钎焊温度下保温15 min的GH4169/Si3N4接头钎缝组织形貌图
Figure 7. Microstructure of the GH4169/Si3N4 joint brazed at different temperatures for 15 min （a）820 ℃；（b）850 ℃；（c）880 ℃；（d）910 ℃
图 8 GH4169/Si3N4接头实物图 （a） 剪切样；（b） 金相样
Figure 8. Physical drawing of GH4169/Si3N4 joint (a) shear sample；(b) metallographic sample
图 9 钎焊温度对GH4169/Si3N4接头剪切强度的影响
Figure 9. Effect of brazing temperature on shear strength of brazed joint
图 10 GH4169/Si3N4接头断口形貌(880 ℃，15 min) （a）合金侧断口形貌；（b）陶瓷侧断口形貌
Figure 10. Fracture morphology of GH4169/Si3N4 joints brazed at 880 ℃ for 10 min （a）fracture morphology of GH4169 side；（b）fracture morphology of Si3N4 side
表 1 GH4169高温合金的化学成分(质量分数/%)
Table 1. Chemical composition of GH4169 superalloy(mass fraction/%)
Ni Cr Nb Mo Ti Al Si Fe Bal 17.90 5.50 3.10 1.04 0.52 0.06 18.00 
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表 2 图4各特征相的EDS分析结果（原子分数/%）
Table 2. EDS results for chemical compositions of different phase in Fig.4 (atom fraction/%)
Position Ni Cr Fe Ag Cu Ti Si N W Possible phases A 7.54 8.03 8.83 69.53 4.49 1.58 — — — Ag(s，s) B 64.26 5.20 6.95 0.11 5.40 18.09 — — — TiNi3 C 6.77 0.88 2.44 0.33 49.53 40.05 — — — TiCu D 7.62 1.14 10.63 0.15 40.63 24.83 — — — TiCu2 E 0.31 0.07 0.11 2.17 97.10 0.24 — — — Cu(s，s) F 3.26 1.42 2.69 75.49 16.09 1.06 — — — Ag(s，s) G — — — 0.46 0.18 0.83 — — 98.53 W H — — — 2.59 87.25 0.58 1.91 7.68 — Cu(s，s) I — — — 61.42 11.05 0.49 1.50 25.54 — Ag(s，s) J — — — 0.57 9.51 56.40 13.39 20.14 — Ti5Si3+TiN
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