航空渗碳齿轮钢的迭代发展

郑医; 何培刚; 李宁; 孙振淋

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1005-5053.2022.000093

航空渗碳齿轮钢的迭代发展

doi: 10.11868/j.issn.1005-5053.2022.000093

郑医¹,
何培刚²,
李宁¹,
孙振淋^1, ,

1.
中国航发哈尔滨东安发动机有限公司, 哈尔滨 150066
2.
哈尔滨工业大学材料科学与工程学院, 哈尔滨 150001

基金项目: 黑龙江省杰出青年基金项目（JQ2019E006）

详细信息

通讯作者:
孙振淋（1977—），男，博士，研究员，主要从事航空材料及其热处理、脉冲真空化学热处理、热处理变形控制理论与工程应用、无机非金属及复合材料等方面的技术研究工作，联系地址：黑龙江省哈尔滨市平房区保国大街51号（150066），E-mail: sungoldenfuture@163.com

中图分类号: TG156.8
计量
- 文章访问数: 60
- HTML全文浏览量: 17
- PDF下载量: 29
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-16
- 修回日期: 2022-07-24
- 刊出日期: 2023-02-01

Material iterative development of aero carburizing gear steels

1.
AECC Harbin Dongan Engine Co., Ltd., Harbin 150066, China
2.
School of Material Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China

摘要

摘要: 对航空动力传动系统渗碳齿轮材料的代际发展、组分特征与强化机制进行综述。第一代渗碳齿轮钢为低碳中低合金钢，渗层组织通过Fe₃C型碳化物进行表面硬化，因合金化元素含量低，第一代渗碳齿轮钢回火抗力差，普遍服役温区≤200 ℃。在第一代渗碳齿轮钢中，16Cr3NiWMoVNbE材料碳化物形成元素含量相对较高，通过临界饱和渗碳工艺方法，该材料可进阶为第二代渗碳齿轮钢进行宽温域服役。第二代渗碳齿轮钢为低碳中高合金钢，通过进一步提高合金化程度，适当提升抗回火能力较强的Mo元素含量，基体回火时，可析出部分回火抗力较高的M₂C强化相，整体服役温区提升至≤350 ℃。第三代渗碳齿轮钢为低碳超高合金钢，借助计算材料学，充分发挥出“二次硬化”强化基体效果，能够在500 ℃以下温区长期服役。现有合金结构钢体系的强化机制，无法避免500 ℃以上高温长期服役的强度快速衰减问题，下一代渗碳齿轮材料，将以抗氧化性能优异的铁基合金为基础进行研制。
- 齿轮钢 /
- 渗碳 /
- 二次硬化 /
- 沉淀硬化
Abstract: In this paper, the intergenerational development, component characteristics, and strengthening mechanism of carburized gear materials for aerospace power transmission systems are reviewed. The first-generation carburized gear steel is low-carbon medium/low-alloy steel, and the surface hardening of the carburized layer structure is realized by Fe₃C carbides. Due to the low content of alloying elements, the tempering resistance of the first-generation carburized gear steel is poor, and the general service temperature range is within 200 ℃. Among the first-generation carburized gear steels, the content of carbide-formation elements of 16Cr3NiWMoVNbE material is relatively high. This material can be developed for the second-generation carburized gear steel with a wide-range service temperature through the critical saturation carburization process. The second-generation carburized gear steel is a low-carbon medium/high-alloy steel. Some M₂C strengthening phases with high tempering resistance can be precipitated during the tempering process by further improving the alloying degree and appropriately increasing the content of Mo element with strong tempering resistance. The overall service temperature range is raised to 350 ℃. The third-generation carburized gear steel is low-carbon ultra-high alloy steel, and the “secondary hardening” effect works thoroughly via computational methods. Therefore, the material can be used in a temperature range below 500 ℃ for a long time. The existing alloy structural steel system can not avoid the problem of rapid strength decay after long-term service at high temperatures above 500 ℃. Therefore, the next-generation carburized gear materials will be developed based on iron-based alloys with excellent oxidation resistance.
- gear steel /
- carburization /
- secondary hardening /
- precipitation hardening

HTML全文

表 1 常用航空第一代渗碳齿轮钢牌号及合金成分（质量分数/%）^[3-8]

Table 1. Brand and component of the 1st generation carburized gear steel（mass fraction/%）^[3-8]

Brand	C	Cr	Ni	Mo	V	Nb	Mn	W	Si
9310	0.08-0.13	1.00-1.45	3.00-3.50	0.08-0.15	—	—	0.45-0.65	—	0.20-0.35
12CrNi3A	0.10-0.16	0.60-0.90	2.75-3.25	—	—	—	0.30-0.60	—	0.17-0.37
12Cr2Ni4A	0.10-0.15	1.25-1.75	3.25-3.75	—	—	—	0.30-0.60	—	0.17-0.37
14CrMnSiNi2MoA	0.11-0.17	1.20-1.60	1.40-2.00	0.20-0.40	—	—	0.65-0.95	—	0.35-0.65
18CrNi4A	0.15-0.20	0.80-1.10	3.75-4.25	—	—	—	0.30-0.60	—	≤0.35
18Cr2Ni4WA	0.13-0.19	1.35-1.65	4.00-4.50	—	—	—	0.25-0.55	0.80-1.20	0.17-0.37
20CrNi3A	0.17-0.25	0.60-0.90	2.75-3.25	—	—	—	0.30-0.60	—	0.17-0.37
20Cr2Ni4A	0.17-0.24	1.25-1.75	3.25-3.75	—	—	—	0.30-0.60	—	0.20-0.40
16Cr3NiWMoVNbE	0.14-0.19	2.60-3.00	1.00-1.50	0.40-0.60	0.35-0.55	0.10-0.20	—	1.00-1.40	0.60-0.90
17CrNiMo6	0.17-0.19	1.60-1.80	1.50-1.70	0.28-0.35	—	—	0.65-0.90	—	≤0.30

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表 2 常用航空第二代渗碳齿轮钢牌号及合金成分（质量分数/%）^[25-26]

Table 2. Brand and component of the 2nd generation carburized gear steel （mass fraction/%）^[25-26]

Brand	C	Cr	Ni	Mo	V	Cu	Co	W	Si	Mn	Al
EX 53	0.10	1.05	3.50	3.30	—	—	—	2.13	—	—	—
Pyrowear 53	0.10	1.00	2.00	3.25	0.08	2.00	—	—	0.90	0.40	—
Pyrowear 675	0.07	13.0	2.60	0.80	—	—	1.60	5.40	—	—	—
M 50Ni L	0.13	4.00	3.50	4.25	1.2	—	—	—	—	—	—
CBS 600	0.19	1.45	—	1.00	—	—	—	—	1.05	0.60	0.06
CBS 1000M	0.14	1.12	2.94	4.77	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Vasco x-2	0.14	4.76	—	1.40	1.40	2.07	—	1.40	—	—	—

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表 3 航空第三代渗碳齿轮钢牌号及合金成分（质量分数/%）^{[16, 34-35]}

Table 3. Brand and component of the 3rd generation carburized gear steel （mass fraction/%）^{[16, 34-35]}

Brand	C	Cr	Ni	Mo	V	Co	W
CSS-42L	0.12	14.00	2.00	4.75	0.60	12.50	—
Ferrium C61	0.15	3.50	9.50	1.10	0.08	18.00	—
Ferrium C64	0.11	3.50	7.50	1.75	0.02	16.30	0.20
Ferrium C69	0.10	5.00	3.00	5.00	0.02	28.00	—
Ferrium CS62	0.08	9.00	1.50	—	0.20	15.00	—

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表 4 9310、Pyrowear 53和Ferrium C61常规热处理后的室温力学性能^{[25, 39-40]}

Table 4. Room mechanical properties of 9310、Pyrowear 53 and Ferrium C61^{[25, 39-40]}

Brand	σ_b/MPa	σ_0.2/MPa	A/%	Z/%	K_IC/ (MPa·m^1/2)	A_kv/J	Tempering/ ℃	Case hardness	Matrix hardness
9310	1206	1068	16	53	94	—	150	58-62HRC	34-42HRC
Pyrowear53	1172	965	16	66.5	127	118-129	200	59-63HRC	36-44HRC
FerriumC61	1655	1551	16	70	143	—	480	60-62HRC	48-50HRC
FerriumC64	1579	1372	18	75	94	—	495	62-64HRC	48-50HRC
Note: A_kv is V-notch impact energy.

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表 5 航空用超高强度钢Ferrium S53、AerMet 310及CH 2000冶金成分对比（质量分数/%）^[48,50-51]

Table 5. Component comparison of aero-ultra high strength steel Ferrium S53、AerMet 310 and CH 2000（mass fraction/%）^[48,50-51]

Brand	C	Cr	Ni	Mo	V	Co	W
Ferrium S53	0.21	10.0	5.5	2.0	0.3	14.0	1.0
AerMet 310	0.25	2.4	11.0	1.4	—	15.0	—
CH 2000	0.12	5.0	6.0	4.0	0.3	14.0	1.0

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航空渗碳齿轮钢的迭代发展

doi: 10.11868/j.issn.1005-5053.2022.000093

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Material iterative development of aero carburizing gear steels

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