Microstructure, mechanical properties and work hardening behavior of SiCp/2024Al composite sheet
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摘要: 采用超声波辅助半固态搅拌铸造工艺制备SiCp/2024Al复合材料，对其进行两步热变形（挤压和轧制），得到厚度为1 mm的SiCp/2024Al复合材料板材，研究SiCp含量对显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：轧制态2024铝合金由带状晶粒和大块CuAl2相组成；因SiCp对铝基体动态再结晶形核的促进作用，致使2024铝基体晶粒尺寸显著细化；随着SiCp体积分数的增加，其宏观分布更加均匀；两步变形导致SiCp与CuAl2相的破碎，破碎程度随SiCp体积分数增大而增大，当SiCp体积分数为15%时，SiCp尺寸降至约4.9 μm；随SiCp体积分数的增加，屈服强度逐渐增大，当SiCp体积分数为10%时，SiCp/2024Al复合材料的综合力学性能最为优异，其屈服强度、极限抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别达到305、490 MPa和8%；随着SiCp体积分数的增加，SiCp/2024Al复合材料的热膨胀系数降低，弹性模量提高，当SiCp体积分数为15% 时，弹性模量可达96 GPa，相较于2024铝合金，提高了37.1%。Abstract: SiCp/2024Al composite material was prepared by ultrasonic assisted semi-solid stirring casting process, and then the two-step hot deformation（extrusion and rolling）was carried out to obtain SiCp/2024Al composite sheet with a thickness of 1 mm, the influence of SiCp content on its microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated. The results show that the rolled 2024 aluminum alloy consists of banded grains and bulk CuAl2 phase. Due to the promotion effect of SiCp on the dynamic recrystallization nucleus of the Al matrix, the grain size of the 2024 aluminum matrix was significantly refined. With the increase of the volume fraction of SiCp, its macroscopic distribution becomes more uniform. The two-step deformation results in the fracture of SiCp and CuAl2 phases, the fracture degree increases with the increase of the volume fraction of SiCp. When the SiCp volume fraction is 15%, the SiCp size is reduced to about 4.9 μm. With the increase of the SiCp volume fraction, the yield strength gradually increases. When SiCp volume fraction is 10%, the comprehensive mechanical properties of SiCp/2024Al composite plate are the best, and its yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation can reach 305, 490 MPa and 8% respectively. With the increase of SiCp volume fraction, the thermal expansion coefficient of SiCp/2024Al composite decreases and the elastic modulus increases, when the SiCp volume fraction is 15%, the elastic modulus can reach 96 GPa, which is 37.1% higher than the 2024 aluminum alloy.
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Key words:
- metal matrix composites /
- SiCp /
- thermal deformation /
- elastic modulus /
- mechanical properties
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图 2 SiCp/2024Al复合材料板材制备示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of preparation of SiCp/2024Al composite sheet
图 4 不同SiCp体积分数SiCp/2024Al复合材料的光学显微组织和平均晶粒尺寸 （a）0%；（b）5%；（c）10%；（d）15%
Figure 4. Optical microstructures and average grain sizes in SiCp/2024Al composite sheet with different volume fractions of SiCp （a）0%；（b）5%；（c）10%；（d）15%
图 5 不同SiCp体积分数 SiCp/2024Al 复合材料的 SEM 图像 （a）0%；（b）5%；（c）10%；（d）15%（1）低倍；（2）中倍；（3）高倍
Figure 5. SEM images of SiCp/2024Al composite with different volume fractions of SiCp （a）0%；（b）5%；（c）10%；（d）15%；（1）low magnification；（2）medium magnification；（3）high magnification
图 6 不同SiCp体积分数 SiCp/2024Al 复合材料的BSE图像 （a）0%；（b）5%；（c）10%；（d）15%；（1）低倍；（2）高倍
Figure 6. BSE images of solid solution SiCp/2024Al composite with different volume fractions of SiCp （a）0%；（b）5%；（c）10%；（d）15%；（1）low magnification；（2）high magnification
图 7 SiCp/2024Al 复合材料的EDS分析结果
Figure 7. Corresponding EDS results of SiCp/2024Al composite
图 8 不同SiCp体积分数SiCp/2024Al 复合材料的XRD图谱
Figure 8. X-ray diffraction patterns of SiCp/2024Al composite with different volume fractions of SiCp
图 9 不同SiCp体积分数SiCp/2024Al 复合材料的力学性能 （a）工程应力-应变曲线；（b）YS、UTS和伸长率；（c）弹性模量
Figure 9. Mechanical properties of SiCp/2024Al composite with different volume fractions of SiCp （a）engineering stress-strain curves；（b）YS, UTS and elongation；（c）elastic modulus
图 10 不同SiCp体积分数SiCp/2024Al 复合材料在 100~500 ℃测定的热膨胀系数曲线
Figure 10. Thermal expansion coefficient curves of solid solution SiCp/2024Al composite with different volume fractions of SiCp measured at 100-500 ℃
图 11 不同SiCp体积分数 SiCp/2024Al 复合材料的加工硬化率
Figure 11. Work hardening rates of SiCp/2024Al composite with different volume fractions of SiCp
图 12 不同SiCp体积分数 SiCp/2024Al 复合材料断裂表面的 SEM 组织 （a）0 %；（b）5 %；（c）10 %；（d）15 %（1）低倍；（2）高倍
Figure 12. SEM structures of fracture surface of SiCp/2024Al composite with different volume fractions of SiCp （a）0 %；（b）5 %；（c）10 %；（d）15 %；（1）low magnification;（2）high magnification
表 1 2024铝合金的化学成分（质量分数/%）
Table 1. Chemical composition of 2024 aluminum alloy（mass fraction/%）
Cu Mg Mn Si Fe Zn Ti Al 4.2 1.45 0.71 0.08 0.22 0.06 0.04 Bal 
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