基于面胞-内胞建模的三维编织复合材料冰球撞击分析方法及验证

赵子豪; 刘璐璐; 徐凯龙; 罗刚; 赵振华; 陈伟

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1005-5053.2022.000173

基于面胞-内胞建模的三维编织复合材料冰球撞击分析方法及验证

doi: 10.11868/j.issn.1005-5053.2022.000173

1.
南京航空航天大学能源与动力学院航空发动机热环境与热结构工业和信息化部重点实验室，南京 210016
2.
南京航空航天大学机械结构力学及控制国家重点实验室，南京 210016

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（51975279）；航空科学基金（201941052001）

详细信息

通讯作者:
罗刚（1980—），男，博士，实验师，主要从事航空发动机吞鸟冰适航符合性研究，联系地址：江苏省南京市秦淮区御道街29号南京航空航天大学（210016），E-mail：luogang@nuaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: V258
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-02
- 修回日期: 2023-05-16
- 网络出版日期: 2023-10-18
- 刊出日期: 2023-10-01

Ice-ball impact analysis method and verification of three-dimensional braided composites based on surface unit-cell and interior unit-cell modeling

1.
Aero-engine Thermal Environment and Structure Key Laboratory of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China

摘要

摘要: 针对碳/环氧树脂三维四向编织复合材料开展冰球高速冲击下的损伤研究。应用空气炮冲击实验系统，分别用三种不同冲击速度进行冲击实验，对试件的主要损伤位置进行工业CT扫描，观察其内部损伤形式。分别考虑面胞区域和内胞区域的不同，应用宏观本构模型和冰球的应变率相关材料模型建立冰球冲击三维编织复合材料的有限元仿真模型，研究复合材料厚度和冰球冲击角度对材料损伤的影响，并与实验进行对比验证。结果表明：面胞区域的基体损伤程度相较于内胞区域更严重；迎弹面的损伤面积一般要大于背弹面；斜撞击的冲击角度对损伤面积和损伤位置有所影响，随着冲击角度降低，复合材料的损伤面积也会减小；提升复合材料板的厚度可以提高吸收能量的能力并降低材料损伤面积。
- 三维编织复合材料 /
- 冰撞击 /
- 单胞 /
- 数值分析
Abstract: The high-speed ice-ball impact damage research of epoxy resin/carbon fiber 3D four-way braided composites was carried out. Using the air gun impact test system, ice balls with three different impact velocities were used to conduct impact tests. After the test, industrial CT scans were performed on the main damage positions of the test pieces, and the internal damage forms were observed. The composite macro constitutive model based on surface unit-cell and interior unit-cell and a strain rate related material model of the ice were used to establish the finite element model. The simulation model was compared with the test. The results show that the damage of the matrix in the surface unit-cell area is more serious than that in the interior unit-cell area, the damage area of the front surface is generally larger than that of the back surface, the oblique impact angle has an influence on the damage area and damage location. As the impact angle decreases, the damage area of the composite material also decreases. Increasing the thickness of plate can improve the ability to absorb energy and reduce the damage area of the material.
- three-dimensional braided composites /
- ice-ball impact /
- unit cell /
- numerical analysis

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图 1 三维四向编织复合材料单胞的内部纱线几何结构^[18]　（a）内部晶胞；（b）表面晶胞

Figure 1. Yarn geometry structure models in unit-cell of 3D four-directional braided composites^[18] 　（a）interior unit-cell；（b）surface unit-cell

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图 2 自建的100 mm空气炮冲击实验系统示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of self-built 100 mm air gun impact experimental system

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图 3 有限元模型边界条件

Figure 3. Boundary conditions for finite element models

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图 4 冰球有限元模型

Figure 4. Finite element model of ice-ball

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图 5 厚度方向网格区域划分　（a）2 mm；（b）4 mm；（c）5 mm

Figure 5. Sections in thickness direction 　（a）2 mm；（b）4 mm；（c）5 mm

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图 6 计算流程图

Figure 6. Calculation flow chart

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图 7 冲击后试件CT扫描图　（a）实验 100-1；（b）实验 150-1；（c）实验 200-1

Figure 7. CT scan of experimental specimen after impact　（a） experiment 100-1；（b）experiment 150-1；（c）experiment 200-1

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图 8 冲击速度150 m/s冲击过程不同时刻仿真与实验图像　（a）实验；（b）仿真；（1）0 ms；（2）0.3 ms；（3）0.65 ms；（4）1.25 ms

Figure 8. Simulation and experimental images of impact process at different time with an impact speed of 150 m/s　（a）experiment；（b）simulation；（1）0 ms；（2）0.3 ms；（3）0.65 ms；（4）1.25 ms

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图 9 各工况基体损伤情况　（a）前侧表面；（b）后侧表面；（c）前侧内部；（d）后侧内部；（1）101 m/s；（a）151 m/s；（3）191 m/s

Figure 9. Damages of the matrix under different conditions　（a）front surface；（b）back surface；（c）front interior；（d）back interior；（1）101 m/s；（2）151 m/s；（3）191 m/s

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图 10 冲击速度151 m/s冰球斜撞击平板过程　（a）撞击角度30°；（b）撞击角度60°；（1）0 ms；（2）0.18 ms；（3）0.36 ms；（4）0.54 ms

Figure 10. Impact processes of oblique plate impacted by ice-ball with velocity of 151 m/s　（a）impact angle 30°；（b）impact angle 60°；（1）0 ms；（2）0.18 ms; （3）0.36 ms；（4）0.54 ms

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图 11 斜撞击平板损伤情况　（a）30°；（b）60°；（1）前侧表面；（2）后侧表面

Figure 11. Damage of oblique impact plate　（a）30°；（b）60°；（1）front surface；（2）back surface

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图 12 不同冲击角度下平板总能量变化

Figure 12. Variations of the total energy absorbed by plates at different impact angels

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图 13 不同厚度平板冲击后基体损伤　（a）2 mm；（b）5 mm；（1）前侧表面；（2）后侧表面；（3）前侧内部；（4）后侧内部

Figure 13. Matrix damages after impact with different thicknesses　（a）2 mm；（b）5 mm；（1）front surface；（2）back surface；（3）front interior；（4）back interior

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图 14 不同厚度平板吸收能量变化

Figure 14. Variations of the total energy absorbed by plates with different thicknesses

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表 1 冰球材料参数^[15]

Table 1. Material properties of ice-ball^[15]

Young’s modulus/ GPa	Poisson’s ratio	Density/ （ kg·m^－3）	Tensile failure pressure/ MPa	Quasi-static yield strength/ MPa
9.38	0.33	850	0.517	5.2

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表 2 冰球屈服强度的应变率强化参数

Table 2. Strain rate dependent yield strength of ice-ball

Strain rate/s⁻¹	Yield strength ratio
0	1
0.1	1.01
0.5	1.5
1	1.71
5	2.20
10	2.42
50	2.91
100	3.13
500	3.62
1×10³	3.84
5×10³	4.33
1×10⁴	4.55
5×10⁴	5.04
1×10⁵	5.25
5×10⁵	5.75
1×10⁶	5.96

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表 3 TDE86环氧树脂材料参数^[21]

Table 3. Material properties of TDE86 epoxy resin^[21]

Density / （ kg·m^－3）	Elastic modulus/GPa	Shear modulus/GPa	Poisson’s ratio	Compressive strength/MPa	Tensile strength/MPa	Fracture energy/ （N/·mm^－3）
1190	3.5	1.29	0.35	126	93	0.09

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表 4 T700-12K碳纤维材料参数^[22]

Table 4. Material properties of T700-12K carbon fiber^[22]

Density / （ kg·m^－3）	Longitudinal tensile elastic modulus/GPa	Transverse elastic modulus/GPa	Longitudinal shear modulus/GPa	Transverse shear modulus/GPa	Longitudinal Poisson’ ratio	Transverse Poisson’s ratio
1760	230	15	24	5.3571	0.28	0.4

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表 5 冲击实验记录

Table 5. Experiment record sheet

Experiment	Mass of ice ball/g	Impact velocity/（m·s^－1）	Impact energy/J
100-1	55.0	101	280.53
100-2	55.5	106	313.48
100-3	55.8	109	329.70
150-1	55.6	151	633.87
150-2	55.5	151	632.73
150-3	55.5	151	632.73
200-1	55.9	191	1019.64
200-2	54.6	—	—

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