Friction and wear properties of AZ91 alloy reinforced by CNTs coated with MgO
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摘要: 采用粉末冶金+热挤压成形+T4热处理工艺制备包覆氧化镁碳纳米管（MgO coated CNTs, MgO@CNTs）增强的AZ91镁合金复合材料（AZ91-MgO@CNTs），研究干滑动摩擦条件下MgO@CNTs含量、不同载荷对AZ91-MgO@CNTs磨损面形貌、磨屑形貌和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明：MgO@CNTs能显著提高AZ91-MgO@CNTs的摩擦磨损性能，且随着MgO@CNTs含量的增加，对复合材料耐磨性能的增强效果呈现先增大后下降的趋势；与纯CNTs增强的镁合金复合材料（AZ91-CNTs）相比，AZ91-MgO@CNTs具有更小的摩擦因数和更低的磨损量，表明MgO@CNTs在改善镁合金耐磨性能方面更有优势；载荷较低时（10 N），AZ91-MgO@CNTs的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损；当载荷为50 N时，AZ91-MgO@CNTs出现磨粒磨损、氧化磨损和黏着磨损三种磨损机制。Abstract: AZ91 alloy reinforced by carbon nanotubes coated with MgO（AZ91-MgO@CNTs） was prepared by powder metallurgy, hot extrusion and T4 treatment. The influences of MgO@CNTs content and load on the friction and wear property, surface wear morphology and debris topography of AZ91-MgO@CNTs composites were investigated under the dry sliding friction. The results show that MgO@CNTs can improve the wear properties of AZ91-MgO@CNTs. With increasing the content of MgO@CNTs, the strengthening effect of the wear properties of the composite increases and then decreases. Compared with AZ91-CNTs, AZ91-MgO@CNTs has smaller friction coefficient and lower abrasion loss, indicating that the MgO@CNTs is better than CNTs to improve the wear properties of AZ91 alloy. The main wear mechanism of AZ91-MgO@CNTs is abrasive wear under the load of 10 N. When the load is 50 N, there are three wear mechanisms appeared: abrasive wear, oxidation wear and adhesive wear.
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图 4 复合材料摩擦因数与增强体质量分数的关系
Figure 4. Relationship of friction coefficient of composites with contents of reinforcement
图 5 复合材料磨损量与增强体质量分数的关系
Figure 5. Relationship of wear mass loss of the composites with contents of reinforcement
图 6 不同MgO@CNTs含量AZ91复合材料在不同载荷下磨损面SEM形貌和EDS图谱 （a）0 %；（b）1.0%；（c）3.0 %；（d）5.0%；（1）10 N；（2）50 N
Figure 6. Morphologies of worn surfaces of composites with different contents of MgO@CNTs under different loads and EDS analysis of selected regions （a）0%;（b）1.0%;（c）3.0 %;（d）5%;（1）10 N;（2）50 N
图 7 不同载荷下AZ91-3.0%MgO@CNTs和AZ91-3.0%CNTs复合材料磨损面SEM形貌对比 （a）MgO@CNTs；（b）CNTs；（1）10 N；（2）50 N
Figure 7. Comparison of worn surfaces of the composites with 3.0%MgO@CNTs and 3.0%CNTs under different loads （a）3.0%CNTs；（b）3.0%MgO@CNTs；（1）10 N；（2）50 N
图 8 不同载荷下不同MgO@CNTs含量复合材料磨损后3D形貌 （a）0%；（b）3%；（c）5%；（1）10 N；（2）50 N
Figure 8. 3D morphologies of composites with various contents of MgO@CNTs after friction and wear under different loads （a）0%;（b）3%；（c）5%；（1）10 N；（2）50 N
图 9 不同MgO@CNTs含量AZ91复合材料在不同载荷下磨屑SEM形貌 （a）0%；（b）3%；（c）5%；（1）10 N；（2）50 N
Figure 9. SEM images of the wear debris of the composites with different contents of MgO@CNTs under different loads （a）0%；（b）3%；（c）5%；（1）10 N；（2）50 N
图 10 不同载荷下AZ91-3.0%MgO@CNTs和AZ91-3.0%CNTs复合材料磨屑SEM形貌对比 （a）CNTs；（b）MgO@CNTs；（1）10 N；（2）50 N
Figure 10. Comparison of the wear debris of the composites with 3.0% CNTs and 3.0%MgO@CNTs under different loads （a）CNTs；（b）MgO@CNTs；（1）10 N；（2）50 N
Al Zn Mn Mg 9.0 1. 0 0.4 Bal 
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表 2 CNTs和MgO@CNTs增强AZ91复合材料的力学性能[14]
Table 2. Mechanical properties of AZ91 alloy composites reinforced with CNTs and MgO@CNTs[14]
Composites Reinforcement content/% YS /MPa UTS/MPa Microhardness，HV （AZ91） 0 168 ± 5.0 215 ± 6.0 72.4 ± 2.0 AZ91-CNTs 1.0 173 ± 4.0 228 ± 5.0 79.2 ± 2.0 2.0 197 ± 4.5 263 ± 5.5 87.1 ± 1.5 3.0 250 ± 3.8 301 ± 4.5 94.1 ± 2.0 4.0 187 ± 3.5 248 ± 3.9 84.3 ± 1.6 5.0 154 ± 4.4 228 ± 5.6 80.2 ± 1.7 AZ91-MgO@CNTs 1.0 190 ± 3.6 260 ± 4.2 80.2 ± 1.5 2.0 210 ± 5.0 294 ± 6.0 89.5 ± 1.0 3.0 284 ± 4.6 331 ± 5.0 96.4 ± 1.2 4.0 206 ± 3.7 272 ± 4.8 86.5 ± 1.2 5.0 175 ± 5.5 255 ± 5.0 83.6 ± 1.5
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