Progress of cross-scale mechanics in additive manufacturing technology for aeronautical application
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摘要: 金属增材制造技术及产品在航空领域中有广阔应用前景，其中既需要结构尺度上的优化设计也需要材料尺度上的精细控制和高效利用。材料微结构作为金属增材制造的典型特征之一，会对材料带来不可避免的性能影响。研究表明，一方面增材制造材料的均匀性、韧性、疲劳断裂特性常常不如传统材料，而另一方面其强度、硬度、耐磨损性能等又往往较传统材料更高，这是微纳米尺度中的尺度效应对具有微结构的金属材料带来的显著影响。在不同的微观非均匀性的情况下，材料能够在强度与韧性间得到一个更优的平衡，而这些方法和成果同时非常适用于增材制造金属材料。因此，增材制造的工艺特性以及人为设计所引入的非均匀结构有望显著提升金属材料的综合性能，对于航空领域的金属增材制造的应用具有重要的指导价值，但其中的许多问题尚不明晰，与材料的其他性能间的协同和拮抗关系还值得进一步研究。Abstract: The application of metal additive manufacturing technology and products in the aviation field requires optimized structural design at macroscale and precise manufacture control at microscale. As one of the typical features of additive manufacture, microstructure inevitably affects the material performance. The research has shown that the uniformity, plasticity, and fatigue fracture characteristics of additive manufacturing materials are often inferior to traditional materials, while their strength, hardness, wear resistance, and some microscale properties are often better than traditional materials. The size effect in the micro/nano-scale and the heterogeneous characteristics of materials have a significant impact on metal materials with microstructures. Under different microstructures, materials can achieve a better balance between strength and ductility, which is also applicable to additively manufactured metals. Therefore, the process characteristics of additive manufacturing and the heterogeneities introduced by human design are both expected to significantly improve the comprehensive performance of metals, which have important guiding value for the application of metal additive manufacturing in the aviation field. However, since many of the mechanism of these phenomena are still unclear, the strength-ductility synergistic and antagonistic relationships with other properties of the materials are also worth further research.
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Key words:
- cross-scale mechanics /
- metal additive manufacturing /
- strain gradient /
- heterostructure
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