Current situation of research on test methods for elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio of single crystal superalloys
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摘要: 针对单晶高温合金等材料弹性常数表现出的各向异性特点,归纳了现有用于单晶高温合金弹性模量和泊松比的两种主要测试方法:静态法和动态法。分析单晶高温合金弹性模量和泊松比的国内外研究现状,总结目前国内外研究中存在的主要问题及可行的解决途径,并指出:单晶高温合金弹性模量和泊松比测试缺乏专门的测试标准;相比国外,国内在测试与表征技术研究方面还存在明显的差距,工程应用中往往忽视晶体取向对弹性模量和泊松比的影响,因此有必要针对现有的测试标准和方法对测量单晶高温合金弹性常数的误差影响进行评估,制定适用于单晶高温合金的测试标准。同时,详细阐述在考虑晶体取向的影响下,通过对晶体取向指数与弹性模量的线性回归分析,建立单晶高温合金DD6材料弹性模量和泊松比与晶体取向的定量关系的过程。Abstract: In view of the anisotropic characteristics of elastic constants of single crystal superalloys and other materials, this paper summarizes two main existing testing methods for measuring elastic moduli and Poisson’s ratio of single crystal superalloys: static method and dynamic method, and analyses the research status of elastic moduli and Poisson’s ratio of single crystal superalloys both at home and aboard. Also, the main problems and feasible solutions in current research both at home and abroad are summarized. And it is pointed out that there is no special testing standard for the elastic moduli and Poisson's ratio of single crystal superalloys. Compared with foreign countries, there is still an obvious gap in the testing and characterization technology in China, and effect of crystal orientation on elastic moduli and Poisson's ratio is often neglected in engineering applications. So it is necessary to estimate the influence of errors in measuring elastic constants of single crystal alloys by exiting testing standards. Meanwhile, this paper describes how to establish the quantitative relationship between crystal elastic moduli and arbitrary crystal orientation for single crystal superalloy DD6 through linear regression analysis of crystal orientation index and elastic moduli.
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表 1 材料弹性模量和泊松比的测量标准方法与应用范围
Table 1. Standard method for measuring elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio of materials and application range
Type Standard method Standard name Application range Static method Extensometer GB/T 22315;ASTM E111;ASTM E143 Metallic materials E、G、μ Nanoindentation ISO 14577 Ploymer E Moireinterferometry HB 20448 Metallic materials E、μ Dynamic method Sonic resonance ASTM E1875 Metallic materials Ed、Gd Impulse excitation of vibration GB/T 22315;ASTM E1876;
ISO 12680-1Metallic materials Ed、Gd Ultrasonic ASTM E494 Metallic materials E、G、μ Others Neutron diffraction ASTM E1316;ISO 21432 Metallic materials E、μ Note:E, G and μ are Young’s modulus, shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio;Ed and Gd are dynamic Young’s modulus and shear modulus. 表 2 DD6合金的化学成分(质量分数/%)
Table 2. Chemical composition of DD6 alloy(mass fraction/% )
Cr Co W Mo Al Nb Ta Re Hf Ni 3.8-4.8 8.5-9.5 7.0-9.0 1.5-2.5 5.2-6.2 0-1.2 6.0-8.5 1.6-2.4 0.05-0.15 Bal. 表 3 不同测试温度和晶体取向试样的弹性模量
Table 3. Elastic modulus of specimens at different test temperatures and crystal orientations
Temperature/℃ No. of sample Deviation of orientation/° J E/GPa [001] [011] [111] 20 D1T51 3.9 41.2 51.4 4.60×10–3 130.0 20 D1T52 7.4 38.3 47.8 1.64×10–2 131.0 20 D2T59 39.8 5.3 34.7 2.42×10–1 218.0 20 D2T510 44.1 1.9 33.5 2.50×10–1 221.0 20 C15-2B 43.7 1.8 34.1 2.50×10–1 233.0 20 C26-8A 43.9 5.9 29.6 2.54×10–1 232.0 20 S42-5A 51.5 29.4 5.9 3.27×10–1 317.0 20 S42-6A 50.3 32.3 4.6 3.29×10–1 316.0 20 S43-7A 49.9 30.6 5.6 3.27×10–1 315.0 850 183-11B 5.4 40.3 49.6 8.79×10–1 101.7 850 185-8B 8.4 37.6 46.9 2.10×10–1 99.9 850 187-7B 7.9 39.6 46.9 1.86×10–1 100.0 850 D2T55 43.8 2.6 33.0 2.50×10–1 193.2 850 F15-9A 44.1 1.6 33.9 2.50×10–1 187.5 850 F18-1A 44.0 2.6 32.9 2.51×10–1 193.1 850 F18-8A 43.4 1.6 35.1 2.49×10–1 183.2 850 B10-12A 42.9 2.2 34.8 2.49×10–1 200.4 850 F16-7A 43.4 1.7 34.8 2.49×10–1 199.9 850 F16-2A 41.5 3.5 35.4 2.46×10–1 189.5 850 B10-1A 44.3 0.7 35.2 2.50×10–1 187.7 850 B10-13A 43.8 3.5 32.1 2.51×10–1 191.2 表 4 晶向参数与弹性模量的方程常数
Table 4. Equation constants of crystal direction parameters and elastic moduli
Temperature/℃ S11 2(S11 - S12 - S44/2) 20 0.00785 0.01405 20[40] 0.00749 0.01323 850 0.01027 0.02022 -
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