Hygrothermal mechanical properties of domestic carbon fiber/bismaleimide resin composites for aviation application
-
摘要: 用一种航空用国产T700级碳纤维和4种双马树脂分别制备复合材料,采用三种湿热条件(100 ℃水煮、70 ℃水浸、70 ℃/85%相对湿度)对复合材料层板进行湿热处理,研究室温和150 ℃下与界面和基体相关的复合材料湿热力学性能。结果表明:湿热处理后复合材料的力学性能有所降低,尤其是对复合材料高温力学性能影响显著,其中90°拉伸性能、0°压缩强度、弯曲强度、 开孔压缩强度对吸湿和温度较敏感,而0°压缩模量、弯曲模量和开孔拉伸强度对吸湿和温度不敏感。对比不同湿热条件处理后复合材料力学性能的变化,发现100 ℃水煮后力学性能衰减幅度较大,认为这与其平衡吸湿率较高有关。结合90°拉伸断面的扫描电镜分析,认为界面湿热性能是决定国产碳纤维复合材料湿热性能的关键因素。Abstract: The composites were separately prepared by a domestic T700-grade carbon fiber used for aviation and four types of bismaleimide resin. The composite laminates were treated by three hygrothermal conditions, including 100 ℃ boiling water, 70 ℃ water immersion and 70 ℃/85% relative humidity to study the hygrothermal mechanical properties of the composite laminates related to interface and matrix under ambient temperature and 150 ℃. The results show that the moisture absorption decreases the mechanical properties of composites, and the effect on mechanical properties under high temperature is significant. Furthermore, 90o tensile property, 0o compressive strength, flexural strength and open-hole compressive strength are sensitive to moisture absorption and temperature, while the sensitivities of 0o compressive modulus, flexural modulus and open-hole tensile strength are small. By comparing the changes of the mechanical properties of composite after different hygrothermal treatment conditions, it is found that the degree of degradation after 100 ℃ boiling water is larger, which is believed to be related to its higher equilibrium moisture absorption rate. Based on fracture morphology of composite after 90o tensile testing using scanning electron microscope, it is considered that the hygrothermal property of interface is the critical factor to determine the hygrothermal property of domestic carbon fiber composite.
-
Key words:
- carbon fiber composite /
- bismaleimide resin /
- hydrothermal treatment /
- mechanical property /
- interface
-
图 13 QY8911-4层板90°拉伸断面扫描电镜照片 (a)干态室温;(b)干态高温;(c)70 ℃水浸室温;(d)70 ℃水浸高温;(e)100 ℃水煮室温;(f)100 ℃水煮高温;(g)70 ℃/ 85%RH室温;(h)70 ℃/ 85%RH高温
Figure 13. Fracture morphology of QY8911-4 laminate after 90° tensile testing using scanning electron microscope(a)dry at room temperature;(b)dry at elevated temperature;(c)70 ℃ water immersion at room temperature;(d)70 ℃ water immersion at elevated temperature;(e)100 ℃ boiling water at room temperature;(f)100 ℃ boiling water at elevated temperature;(g)70 ℃/85% RH at room temperature;(h)70 ℃/85% RH at elevated temperature
表 1 碳纤维/双马复合材料层板
Table 1. Carbon fiber/bismaleimide resin composite laminates
Material brand Material type Molding method JH carbon fiber/QY9611 resin Unidirectional prepreg Autoclave JH carbon fiber/5429 resin Unidirectional prepreg Autoclave JH carbon fiber/QY9512 resin Unidirectional fabric and resin film Resin film infusion JH carbon fiber/QY8911-4 resin Unidirectional fabric and liquid resin Resin transfer molding 表 2 三种湿热实验条件
Table 2. Three kinds of hydrothermal conditions
Treating condition Treating time/h 100 ℃ boiling water 130 70 ℃ water immersion 390 70 ℃/85% relative humidity 850 -
[1] ZHONG Y,CHENG M,ZHANG X,et al. Hygrothermal durability of glass and carbon fiber reinforced composites–a comparative study[J]. Composite Structures,2019,211:134-143. [2] 易增博,殷武雄,赵宗严,等. 碳纤维增强双马来酰亚胺树脂复合材料耐湿热性能[J]. 塑料工业,2017,45(8):126-130. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-5770.2017.08.031YI Z B,YIN W X,ZHAO Z Y,et al. Hygrothermal resistance properties of carbon fibers reinforced modified bismaleimide composites[J]. China Plastics Industry,2017,45(8):126-130.) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-5770.2017.08.031 [3] SUN P,ZHAO Y,LUO Y,et al. Effect of temperature and cyclic hygrothermal aging on the interlaminar shear strength of carbon fiber/bismaleimide(BMI)composite [J]. Materials & Design,2011,32(8/9):4341-4347. [4] 肖文萍,许俊华,朱怡超. 腐蚀环境因子对环氧树脂基复合材料性能影响研究[J]. 装备环境工程,2008,5(6):76-81. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9242.2008.06.017XIAO W P,XU J H,ZHU Y C. Study of the influence of corrosion environmental factors on the performance of epoxy resin composites[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering,2008,5(6):76-81.) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9242.2008.06.017 [5] 彭雷,张建宇,鲍蕊,等. 湿热,紫外环境对T300/QY8911复合材料孔板静力性能的影响[J]. 复合材料学报,2009,26(3):18-22. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3851.2009.03.004PENG L,ZHANG J Y,BAO R,et al. Effects of hygrothermal and ultraviolet conditions on static properties of T300/QY8911 laminated composites containing an open hole[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2009,26(3):18-22.) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3851.2009.03.004 [6] CÂNDIDO G M,COSTA M L,REZENDE M C,et al. Hygrothermal effects on quasi-isotropic carbon epoxy laminates with machined and molded edges[J]. Composites Part B,2008,39(3):490-496. [7] ADDA-BEDIA E A,BOUAZZA M,TOUNSI A,et al. Prediction of stiffness degradation in hygrothermal aged[θm/90n]S composite laminates with transverse cracking[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2008,199(1/3):199-205. [8] COSTA M L,REZENDE M C,ALMEIDA S F. Strength of hygrothermally conditioned polymer composites with voids[J]. Journal of Composite Materials,2005,9(1):1943-1961. [9] 黄业青,张康助,王晓洁. T700碳纤维复合材料耐湿热老化研究[J]. 高科技纤维与应用,2006,31(3):19-21. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9815.2006.03.006HUANG Y Q,ZHANG K Z,WANG X J. Resist to thermal and wetting aging research on t700 carbon fiber composite[J]. Hi-tech Fiber & Application,2006,31(3):19-21.) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-9815.2006.03.006 [10] 徐凯龙,刘璐璐,赵振华,等. 循环湿热老化对T700/TDE86碳纤维复合材料层间断裂韧度的影响[J]. 航空材料学报,2019,39(4):40-48.XU K L,LIU L L,ZHAO Z H,et al. Effect of cyclic hygrothermal aging on interlaminar fracture toughness of T700/TDE86 carbon composite[J]. Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2019,39(4):40-48.) [11] 谭翔飞,谭鹏达,何宇廷,等. 航空碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料加筋壁板吸湿行为[J]. 材料工程,2019,47(12):61-69.TAN X F,TAN P D,HE Y T,et al. Moisture behavior of aeronautic carbon fiber reinforced resin composite stiffened panel[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering,2019,47(12):61-69.) [12] 冯青,李敏,顾轶卓,等. 不同湿热条件下碳纤维/环氧复合材料湿热性能实验研究[J]. 复合材料学报,2010,27(6):16-20.FENG Q,LI M,GU Y Z,et al. Experimental research on hygrothermal properties of carbon fiber/epoxy resin composite under different hygrothermal conditions[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2010,27(6):16-20.) [13] 齐磊,李敏,顾轶卓,等. 几种碳纤维/双马树脂复合材料湿热特性实验研究[J]. 航空学报,2009,30(12):2476-2480. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6893.2009.12.034QI L,LI M,GU Y Z,et al. Experimental study on hygrothermal properties of several kinds of carbon fiber/BMI resin composites[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2009,30(12):2476-2480.) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6893.2009.12.034 [14] 王迎芬,彭公秋,谢富原. 国产T700级碳纤维/BMI复合材料湿热性能[J]. 材料科学与工艺,2018,26(3):16-22. doi: 10.11951/j.issn.1005-0299.20170183WANG Y F,PENG G Q,XIE F Y. Hygrothermal properties of domestic T700 carbon fiber/bismaleimide composites[J]. Materials Science and Technology,2018,26(3):16-22.) doi: 10.11951/j.issn.1005-0299.20170183 [15] 封彤波,肇研,罗云烽,等. 循环湿热环境下碳纤维复合材料的界面性能[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报,2010,36(12):1427-1431.FENG T B,ZHAO Y,LUO Y F,et al. Effect of cyclic hygrothermal environment on interfacial property of CCF300/BMI composites[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2010,36(12):1427-1431.) [16] 陈达,肇研,罗云烽,等. 循环湿热环境下碳纤维复合材料界面性能[J]. 材料科学与工艺,2012,20(6):1-6. doi: 10.11951/j.issn.1005-0299.20120601CHEN D,ZHAO Y,LUO Y F,et al. Interfacial property of carbon fiber composites in cyclic hygrothermal environment[J]. Materials Science & Technology,2012,20(6):1-6.) doi: 10.11951/j.issn.1005-0299.20120601 [17] 隋晓东,熊舒,朱亮,等. 国产T800级碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料湿热性能[J]. 航空材料学报,2019,39(3):88-93.SUN X D,XIONG S,ZHU L,et al. Hygrothermal properties of domestic T800 carbonfiber/epoxy composites [J]. Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2019,39(3):88-93.) -