- 中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)核心期刊
- 中国核心期刊
- 文摘与引文数据库(Scopus)
- 剑桥科学文摘(CSA)
- 英国INSPEC数据库
The increasing demand for lightweight structures with high damage tolerance in aerospace, protective systems, and transportation has driven the development of advanced composite laminated plates. The negative Poisson’s ratio effect, commonly referred to as the auxetic effect, offers a promising avenue for functional design. Unlike conventional auxetic materials that rely on geometric deformation of microstructural unit cells, composite laminated plates can achieve equivalent in-plane or out-of-plane negative Poisson’s ratio effects through material anisotropy, layup configuration, reinforcement distribution, and interlaminar coupling. This paper reviews recent advances in the design, fabrication, and mechanical response of auxetic composite laminated plates. Predictive design methods are first summarized, including classical laminate theory, three-dimensional elastic constant models, multiscale finite element homogenization, lamination parameters, polar representation, and intelligent optimization algorithms. Experimental fabrication techniques and full-field strain measurement methods are then discussed. The coupling mechanisms between the auxetic effect and key mechanical responses are subsequently analyzed. In dynamic behavior, the auxetic effect alters the stiffness characteristics of laminated structures and couples with shear deformation and geometric nonlinearity. In buckling and thermal buckling behavior, its stabilizing influence is strongly dependent on boundary conditions, loading configurations, and the interplay between transverse deformation and in-plane forces. In impact response, the out-of-plane negative Poisson’s ratio is more closely associated with local contact stiffness and indentation resistance, whereas the in-plane negative Poisson’s ratio primarily affects stress redistribution and damage propagation. The review demonstrates that the mechanical advantages of auxetic composite laminated plates are not dominated solely by the Poisson’s ratio; they are governed by the synergistic effects of layup design, stiffness coupling, reinforcement distribution, boundary conditions, and loading modes. Future research should emphasize multi-objective layup optimization, decoupling auxetic effects from stiffness parameters, and extending current design methodologies to complex engineering plate and shell structures. This review serves as a valuable reference for the design and application of high-performance multifunctional composite laminated plates.
The high-temperature service environments of aerospace equipment impose stringent demands on high-temperature resistant resin-matrix composites. Traditional epoxy and bismaleimide resin systems suffer from limited temperature resistance, making polyimide a core research direction of advanced high-temperature structural composites. This paper systematically elaborates the molecular structural characteristics of polyimide resins and their classification into thermosetting and thermoplastic categories. The technological evolution of NA-capped, PEPA-capped, organic-inorganic hybrid and thermoplastic polyimides is summarized, and the structural features, processing characteristics and performance deficiencies of various polyimide systems are compared. Recent research advances in matrix modification, precise molecular design, fiber-reinforced systems and multifunctional sandwich structures are comprehensively reviewed. The advantages and limitations of modification strategies including heterocyclic structure introduction, bulky side group grafting, flexible chain segment construction and organic-inorganic hybridization are analyzed. Meanwhile, the interfacial regulation, high-temperature service performance and engineering applications of carbon fiber and quartz fiber reinforced polyimide composites are concluded. Current technical bottlenecks, such as the inherent contradiction between thermal resistance and processing fluidity, high preparation cost, insufficient interfacial stability under extreme high temperature, and difficulties in molding large-scale components, are clarified. Finally, future development trends are proposed from the aspects of precise molecular design, low-cost forming process optimization, material-process collaborative matching and integrated structure-function design. This work provides a systematic reference for the iterative research and engineering application of high-temperature resistant polyimide composites in aerospace fields.
The application of high-performance resin matrix composites in helicopter structures is critically challenged by solid particle erosion (sand erosion), which undermines structural integrity and limits service longevity. This paper systematically reviews recent advances in sand erosion damage of resin matrix composites. The fundamental concepts and theories of erosion are first introduced, clarifying the physical nature and primary failure modes. Key factors governing erosion resistance are then synthesized from three aspects: intrinsic parameters (material formulation, microstructure, and interfacial adhesion), extrinsic parameters (particle kinematics and impingement conditions), and environmental parameters (temperature and humidity). Experimental discrepancies arising from different testing protocols are critically compared. Current erosion testing standards and apparatus are also assessed for their applicability and limitations. Finally, in view of existing research gaps, future efforts are recommended to focus on multi-factor coupling mechanisms, damage evolution kinetics and life prediction modeling, and the design of novel erosion-resistant materials. This review aims to provide a theoretical foundation and technical reference for the reliable application of high-performance resin matrix composites in helicopter structural components.
Ceramic cores are critical components for forming complex cooling channels in the investment casting of hollow aero-engine blades, and their dimensional accuracy directly determines the structural quality of the internal cavities and the casting yield of the blades. Due to its high resolution, high efficiency, and mold-free processing capability, vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing has shown great promise for the fabrication of complex ceramic cores. However, issues such as the stair-step effect, shrinkage-induced cracking, phase-transformation-induced fracture, and high-temperature creep still arise during printing, debinding and sintering, and casting service, thereby severely compromising the dimensional accuracy of the cores. Focusing on the entire lifecycle of ceramic cores, from raw materials to fabrication and service, this paper reviews the key factors affecting the dimensional accuracy of ceramic cores fabricated by vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing at different stages, together with the underlying mechanisms. Particular attention is given to the effects of slurry composition, printing parameters, sintering behavior, and high-temperature service conditions on dimensional stability. Finally, future development trends in this field are discussed, with emphasis on the design of high-performance slurries, the coordinated optimization of printing and sintering, as well as the establishment of dimensional accuracy evaluation methods and standard systems for engineering applications.
With the development of infrared technologies in the fields such as hypersonic vehicles, infrared guidance, and space exploration, the evaluation of optical properties of infrared window materials under high-temperature service conditions has become increasingly important. Conventional testing methods are mainly applicable to low-temperature, narrow-band, and static conditions, and therefore can’t adequately reveal the high-temperature dynamic optical behavior of these materials. This paper systematically reviews the testing principles and methods for key optical parameters, including transmittance, refractive index, emissivity, and absorption coefficient, under high-temperature dynamic conditions. Particular attention is given to the application characteristics and applicable ranges of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, double-beam spectrophotometry, the V-prism method, the minimum deviation angle method, the Etalon method, and laser calorimetry. Recent research progress is summarized, and the advantages and limitations of different methods are compared in terms of testing accuracy, temperature range, and experimental conditions. Existing studies still face several challenges, including the lack of unified standards for high-temperature dynamic testing, insufficient availability of general-purpose testing equipment, limited testing temperature and spectral ranges, inadequate capability for simulating service environments, and insufficient research on antireflective protective films. In response to these issues, future development directions are proposed, including high-temperature dynamic continuous testing, multi-band broadband testing, high-temperature optical performance testing of antireflective protective films, and testing under simulated service environments.
Aiming at the bottleneck in in-situ synthesized Ti5Si3 reinforced aluminum matrix composites (AMCs), where the complex constitution of reinforcements and poor controllability of formation process make it difficult to stably regulate the microstructure and properties of composites, Al-5Si-xTi5Si3 composites (x=0.8, 2.0, 3.2 (mass fraction/%)) are fabricated by designing raw material proportions and powder metallurgy process parameters in this work. The effects of reinforcement content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites are systematically investigated. The results show that Si segregates around Ti particles via diffusion and solid-solution precipitation, and interdiffusion reaction occurs between Si and Ti to form Ti5Si3 particles. With the formation of a nanoscale TiSi interfacial transition layer, the incoherent Ti5Si3/Al interface transforms into a semi-coherent/coherent composite Ti5Si3/TiSi/Al interface, which effectively improves the interfacial bonding between reinforcement particles and the Al matrix. As the reinforcement content increases, the microstructure of reinforcements gradually evolves from blocky morphology to nanoparticle clusters and further grows into nanorods, and the grain size of the composites is significantly refined. Sound interfacial bonding enables efficient load transfer across the interface and promotes the load-bearing capacity of reinforcements. Under the synergistic effect of dislocation strengthening, grain refinement strengthening and load transfer strengthening, the yield strength and tensile strength of the Al-5Si-3.2Ti5Si3 composite reach 318 MPa and 377 MPa, which are 51.4% and 42.8% higher than those of the matrix, respectively, while maintaining favorable ductility. These findings provide a new strategy for the microstructure design of high-strength and high-toughness AMCs, and offer an experimental foundation for the application of such materials in critical engineering fields such as aerospace.
Femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) can significantly enhance the wear resistance, wettability, and self-cleaning capabilities of metallic materials, providing a novel approach for functional surface modification. This study systematically investigates the effects of laser fluence, spot overlap rate, and scanning passes on the morphological characteristics of LIPSS on 1Cr18Ni10Ti stainless steel. Experimental results indicate that under multi-pulse conditions, increasing the laser fluence enlarges the dimensions and periodicity of low-spatial frequency (LSFL) LIPSS, but excessively high fluence degrades the uniformity or even damages high-spatial frequency (HSFL) LIPSS. Increasing the spot overlap rate induces a morphological transition of LIPSS from stripe-like HSFL to a composite structure of HSFL/LSFL, ultimately forming aggregated LSFL clusters with expanded dimensions. Additional scanning passes mimic the effect of higher fluence while improving HSFL distribution uniformity without structural damage. In single-pulse experiments, the spatial period of LIPSS decreases radially from the spot center, and the central period increases with higher fluence, revealing the coupling mechanism of surface structuring and melting effects. These findings provide critical theoretical support for the morphological control of LIPSS, advancing the application of femtosecond laser technology in aerospace materials.
Studies on the temperature dependence of microstructure evolution for four models, namely single crystal and polycrystalline FeCoNiCrMn high-entropy alloys as well as single crystal and polycrystalline Ni, help elucidate the microscopic mechanisms of plastic deformation. Based on the nanoindentation method, this work focuses on comparative analysis of the effects of temperature variation from an extremely low temperature (1 K) to an extremely high temperature (1300 K) on the plastic deformation microstructure evolution, atomic displacement magnitude, shear deformation, total dislocation length, and von Mises stress distribution of single crystal and polycrystalline FeCoNiCrMn high-entropy alloys, together with single crystal and polycrystalline Ni. The results show that when the temperature rises from 1 K to 1300 K, the maximum load decreases by 37.69%, 29.10%, 55.06%, and 15.64% for single crystal FeCoNiCrMn high-entropy alloy, single crystal Ni, polycrystalline FeCoNiCrMn high-entropy alloy, and polycrystalline Ni, respectively. Defects exist at grain boundaries in polycrystalline FeCoNiCrMn high-entropy alloy and polycrystalline Ni; high stress concentration at grain boundaries induces dislocation nucleation and proliferation at grain boundary edges. The plastic deformation microstructure evolution of the four models under nanoindentation loading is dominated by the synergistic effect of stacking faults, twins, amorphous phases, and phase transformation: plastic deformation of single crystal FeCoNiCrMn high-entropy alloy generates bulge-like structures that restrain dislocation slip and propagation; prominent dislocation slip is observed in plastically deformed single-crystal Ni. Compared with polycrystalline Ni, polycrystalline FeCoNiCrMn high-entropy alloy forms thicker amorphous layers and exhibits shorter total dislocation length during plastic deformation, and this trend is weakly affected by temperature change from cryogenic to high temperature. Grain boundary migration and expansion occur in both polycrystalline FeCoNiCrMn high-entropy alloy and polycrystalline Ni during plastic deformation, which facilitates the formation of finer nanocrystalline structures. These findings provide important theoretical references for developing high-entropy alloy systems with outstanding strength-toughness synergy.
To address the internal defects and low room-temperature ductility of cast Ti-24Al-15Nb-1Mo alloy, the effects of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) process parameters (temperature, pressure, and holding time) on its microstructure and room-temperature ductility are investigated. An orthogonal experimental design is adopted. The alloy specimens melted and cast in a vacuum consumable skull furnace are subjected to HIP treatment with different process parameters. X-ray transmission is used to characterize the closure of porosity. Combined with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, the phase constitution and distribution are analyzed, and room-temperature tensile property tests are carried out. The results show that under HIP treatments with different process parameters, casting defects including porosity and shrinkage cavities below ϕ1-4 mm in the as-cast Ti-24Al-15Nb-1Mo alloy are completely eliminated. Range analysis indicates that temperature exerts the most significant effect on the room-temperature ductility of the alloy, followed by pressure, while holding time has the weakest effect. After HIP treatment at 1000 ℃ under 130 MPa for 2 h, the room-temperature tensile strength of the alloy increases to 887 MPa, which is 15% higher than that of the as-cast alloy; the elongation rises to 2.95%, 4.9 times that of the as-cast alloy. Therefore, HIP markedly improves the room-temperature ductility of the alloy via defect healing and synergistic microstructure optimization.
Fiber-bundle-missing defects of four severity levels (no missing bundle, 1/3 bundle missing, 2/3 bundle missing, and an entire bundle missing) are precisely introduced into 2.5D braided SiC fiber preforms by deliberate defect engineering, and the corresponding SiCf/SiC composites are fabricated via a combined chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) and polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) process. The effects of fiber bundle missing defects on the flexural properties and failure mechanisms of the composites are investigated using XRD, SEM, and CT characterization together with three-point bending tests. The results show that the as-fabricated SiCf/SiC composites possess a well-bonded BN interphase and a dense matrix microstructure. The severity of fiber bundle missing exhibits a significant negative correlation with the flexural performance of the material. The defect-free specimens exhibit the highest and most stable flexural properties, with an average flexural strength of 349.2 MPa and a coefficient of variation of 1.98%. As the severity of bundle missing increases, the flexural strength decreases progressively, reaching a minimum of 246.6 MPa for the specimens with an entire bundle missing. Specifically, the failure mode evolves from a stochastic, fiber-dominated failure in the defect-free condition, through an uncertainty-driven failure induced by local fiber absence, to a deterministic, defect-dominated failure when an entire bundle is missing. Microstructural analysis reveals that fiber bundle missing not only directly reduces the load-bearing cross-section, but also degrades the load-carrying capacity of the material by inducing local stress concentration and altering the crack propagation path.
This article addresses the poor bonding strength of continuous carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polyaryletherketone resin (CF/PAEK) composites, which makes the mechanical test results of tabbed specimens easily affected. It investigates the effects of resistance-welded reinforcement tabs on the performance test results of 0° tensile and 0° compression specimens. Through analysis of the temperature distribution during the welding process and multiple sets of experimental results, it shows that the heat conduction of unidirectional specimens significantly affects the welding strength of the tabs near the working section of resistance-welded specimens, resulting in lower test results for 0° compression specimens but not for 0° tensile specimens or single-lap shear specimens. Adding an insulation layer to prevent edge heat dissipation improves the test results for 0° compression specimens. However, the two rapid temperature changes caused by resistance welding reduce the crystallinity of the specimens within the tabs without affecting the working section. This often leads to damage at the interface between the working section and the tab, so the compressive strength test results remain lower than those of adhesively bonded specimens.
Based on the preliminary work on tensile property characterization of porous materials from the octahedral model theory, the characterization of tensile strength for metallic foams is investigated. Firstly, the material form is extended from reticular pore structure to cellular pore structure. Secondly, the characterized results are compared and analyzed against the well-recognized Gibson-Ashby model theory. Using the derived tensile property characterization relationship, the practical application of the model theory in calculating the tensile strength of metallic foams is discussed. The results show that the octahedral model theory is applicable to both reticular porous materials and cellular porous materials. Both the octahedral model theory and the Gibson-Ashby model theory can be well applied to calculate the tensile strength of metallic foams, and the octahedral model theory achieves superior calculation performance. The theoretical calculation deviation for the former is mostly within 8%, while that for the latter is mostly around 10%. The Gibson-Ashby model theory yields a relatively large calculation deviation close to 20% for reticular porous material, whereas its deviation is smaller for cellular porous material.
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